The invention relates to the field of crystal growth furnaces, and aims at providing a crystal orientation detection device of a single crystal silicon rod, and a crystal orientation detection method thereof. The crystal orientation detection device of a single crystal silicon rod is used for detecting the crystal orientation of a round single crystal silicon rod clamped on a cutting workbench, and comprises a support, a support arm, a crystal orientation detection sensor support, a cylinder, a fixed shield, an elevating shield, a crystal orientation detection sensor; The crystal orientation detection method of the crystal orientation detection device of a single crystal silicon rod comprises: operating the cylinder, turning on a gas source, starting the crystal orientation detection sensor, and calculating a minimum of the distance between the round single crystal silicon rod surface and a laser emitting point, wherein the distance minimum is the crystal orientation of the crystal rod. The device of the invention can automatically detect the crystal orientation of a crystal rod clamped on the workbench, adopts a non-contact measuring method, is high in detection precision, rapid in response, and low in time consumption, and can realize automatic control; the device is simple in structure and low in cost, needs no manual intervention, and is suitable for full-automatic control of single crystal silicon rod assembly line processing workshops.