The invention discloses an engine self-adaptation system based on a vehicle operation condition and an oil-saving method. The engine self-adaptation system comprises an information center and a plurality of vehicle terminals which are in communication connection with the information center, wherein each vehicle terminal comprises a GPS (global position system) navigation module, a vehicle operation data collection module, a vehicle parameter and engine operation condition data storage module, a wireless communication module, a data operation module, a decision-making module and a vehicle control module; and the information center comprises a wireless communication module, a map data storage module, a historical data storage module and a route optimization data storage module. According to the engine self-adaptation system and the oil-saving method, the vehicle control module adjusts response characteristics of an engine and reduces maloperations of an accelerator; besides, a standard road resistance characteristic coefficient is an optimized value, so that higher reference is provided, and on the premise that the vehicle power is guaranteed, output characteristics of the engine are controlled reasonably, and the effect of saving oil saving is realized.