The invention provides a precise positioning one-dimensional platform. The precise positioning one-dimensional platform comprises a movement mechanism and a positioning platform connected with the movement mechanism, wherein the movement mechanism comprises a motor, a connecting frame arranged on the motor and a piezoelectric actuator arranged on the connecting frame, and the positioning platform is connected with the piezoelectric actuator. The precise positioning one-dimensional platform achieves high acceleration, high speed and long range of a voice coil motor, compensates errors of the voice coil motor through the piezoelectric actuator, eliminates the vibration of the voice coil motor in the movement process through a buffering vibration-absorption platform, and finally achieves one-dimensional movement with high acceleration, high speed, long range and extremely precise positioning.