The invention provides a railway vehicle telescopic head and a railway vehicle. The head is composed of connecting a head front end portion and a head body in a rotating mode. The front end portion of the head comprises a plurality of unit sections, wherein the plurality of unit sections are sequentially in head-to-tail connection, and are centipede-shaped; the unit sections comprise barrel-shaped section bodies, a flexible framework and at least one connection rod, wherein the flexible framework and the at least one connection rod are arranged inside the barrel-shaped section bodies; the flexible framework comprises at least two swing rods, the swing rods are arranged in an intersected mode, the intersected positions are connected in a rotating mode, one end of the connection rod is fixed on the inner wall of the barrel-shaped section body, and the other end of the connection rod is connected with the intersected positions in a rotating mode; and swing rods of neighboring unit sections are in head-to tail connection in a rotating mode to form a diamond capable of flexing along the length direction of the head. Because the head is divided into the multi-section telescopic unit sections, when the railway vehicle moves forwards, front end head unit sections contact and are ellipsoid-shaped, resistance reducing advantages of the ellipsoid-shaped head are fully brought into play, and the head at the tail end changes in a dynamic and stretching mode and is flat-fusiform-shaped to reduce tail resistance of the railway vehicle. The extended tail of the railway vehicle postpones airflow separation points to greatly reduce eddy resistance.