The invention discloses a novel bridge shock isolation and absorption soft steel damping device, which has the advantages that the novel bridge shock isolation and absorption soft steel damping device comprises a strip-shaped force transfer rod, a rectangular cylindrical guide cylinder, two fixing plates and an H-shaped damping rack, wherein the two ends of the guide cylinder are clamped and fixed by the fixing plates; the force transfer rod is horizontally arranged and vertically penetrates through any two parallel wall faces of the guide cylinder; the damping rack is arranged in the guide cylinder; and one end of the damping rack is fixedly connected with the fixing plates, and the other end of the damping rack is fixedly connected with the force transfer rod. The novel bridge shock isolation and absorption soft steel damping device of the structure has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, high adaptability, convenience in replacement after earthquake and capability of preventing a bridge floor from falling off a bridge in an earthquake.