A hydraulic braking clamp for track traffic comprises a clamp body, oil cylinders, a pair of brake pieces, two fixed pins and a braking gasket. The clamp body is provided with two face-to-face oil cylinder installing plates, each oil cylinder installing plate is provided with an oil cylinder installing hole, and the oil cylinders are installed in the oil cylinder installing holes of the corresponding oil cylinder installing plates respectively to be arranged in a face-to-face mode and are fixedly connected with the clamp body. Each oil cylinder comprises a piston and a cylinder body with a cylinder hole, wherein the piston is inserted into the cylinder hole of the oil cylinder in a sliding fit mode, and one end of the piston can extend out of the cylinder hole and abuts against one corresponding brake piece. The clamp body is provided with internal oil line holes, the cylinder bodies are provided with cylinder body oil line holes communicated with the cylinder holes, the internal oil line holes are communicated with the cylinder body oil line holes, two ends of each oil cylinder installing plate are provided with pin holes, the two fixed pins are fixed in the pin holes positioned at two ends of the oil cylinder installing plate respectively, and two ends of each brake piece are provided with installing holes, and the brake pieces are in sliding fit with the fixed pins through the installing holes. The hydraulic braking clamp is simple in structure, saves installing space and is good in braking effect.