The invention provides a quality control method of a preparation of white paeony roots. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing a synchronous content measuring method of white paeony root herbs, white paeony root total glycosides and paeoniflorin and albiflorin in the white paeony root preparation by adopting the same liquid-phase chromatography condition; and accurately measuring the contents of the paeoniflorin and the albiflorin. The method is simple to preprocess a sample, keeps complete characteristic components and provides a stable sample solution and has higher accuracy, favorable reproduction and a certain specificity; characteristic peaks in the obtained fingerprint map have favorable separation effect, the fingerprint maps of the white paeony root herbs, the white paeony root total glycosides and the preparation have favorable relativity; the standard fingerprint map of the white paeony root herbs is established at a new angle by utilizing the relativity research of the fingerprint maps, can be used for identifying the qualities of the white paeony root herbs and improving the controllability of the production process of the white paeony root preparation and is favorable to ensuring the quality stability and the clinical curative effect of the white paeony root preparation.