The invention discloses a lookup table based pixel-by-pixel atmospheric correction method of remote sensing images. The method establishes a lookup table of atmospheric correction factors under the conditions of different optical thicknesses of aerosols, solar zenith angles, sensor zenith angles and ground elevations by off-line calculation of a 6S atmospheric radiative transfer model and performs pixel-by-pixel atmospheric correction on MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) remote sensing images on the basis of the lookup table. The invention can effectively improve the effect on the atmospheric correction of the MODIS images because of spatial distribution differences of atmospheric conditions, sensor positions and the like.