The invention relates to a ceramic/solid polymer electrolyte composite material with continuously and directionally-distributed wild phases and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a ceramic/solid polymer electrolyte composite material and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problems of poor mechanical property and low conductivity caused by uneven distribution of ceramics in the conventional ceramic/solid polymer electrolyte composite material. The composite material consists of a solid polymer electrolyte and a solid phase. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparing slurry; injecting the slurry into a mould for freezing molding, freeze-drying and drying, and sintering to obtain a porous ceramic substrate; and permeating the liquid polymer electrolyte into the porous ceramic substrate under vacuum pressure, and curing at room temperature. In the composite material, the three-point flexural strength reaches between 100 and 150 MPa, fracture toughness reaches between 2.0 and 4.1 MPam<1/2>, and room temperature conductivity reaches between 10<-6> and 10<-4>S/cm. The ceramic/solid polymer electrolyte composite material has the advantages of simple preparation method and wide range of applicable material systems, and is applied to new energy systems, sensors and electrochemical devices.