The present invention discloses an electromagnetic wedge-type microtubule robot, comprising a telescopic mechanism and a two-part supporting mechanism, wherein, the two ends of the telescopic mechanism is connected with the supporting mechanism; the supporting mechanism comprises a spindle-shaped substrate, a permanent magnet wedge-type slide block, and a coil bearer; the spindle-shaped substrate comprises a middle coil bearer and conical parts at the ends of the middle coil bearer, and the coil bearer is connected with the conical parts; a magnet coil is wound on the coil bearer and the middle coil bearer, respectively, the conical part has at least two guide grooves arranged along circumferential direction evenly, and the bottoms of the guide grooves are arranged in an inclined manner relatively to the axial line of the conical part; a permanent magnet wedge-type slide block is mounted in each guide groove. The electromagnetic wedge-type microtubule robot is simple in structure, has high load capacity, can move in two ways, and is highly adaptive to different tube diameters.