The invention provides an optical fiber intelligent monitoring method for ice structures, in particular an intelligent monitoring method and a technique for single or collinear ice structures, which are based on a Brillouin distributed sensing technique and a local high-precision fiber grating technique. The technical method is based on an optical fiber sensing probe, has the advantages of humidity resistance, long sensing distance, good linearity and repeatability in low-temperature environment, full-distribution type absolute measurement and the like. The method comprises the following steps: the optical fiber sensing probe into which a plurality of fiber gratings are written or an encapsulate FRP-OFBG intelligent bar based on fiber-reinforced plastic is arranged in an ice structure, soas to realize large-scale full-distribution local high-precision test on structural damage and provide comprehensive, direct and reliable information for the safety assessment of the ice structure. The method is particularly applicable to the long-term monitoring for the ice structure or structures bearing ice load, and has the advantages of succinct system, low cost, strong operability, good stability and durability, convenient and reliable sensor layout and the like.