公开(公告)号：US06741348B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-25

申请号：US10135854

申请日：2002-04-29

Applicant: David W. Larsen ,  Zhi Xu ,  Wayne Garver

Inventor： David W. Larsen ,  Zhi Xu ,  Wayne Garver

IPC: G01J340

CPC classification number: G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0224 ,  G01J3/0286 ,  G01J3/0291 ,  G01J3/42

Abstract: The invention concerns improvements in spectrophotometry. Aspects of the invention may be used independently or together to increase the sensitivity of spectrophotometry. One aspect of the invention is a spectrophotometer detection circuit. In this aspect of the invention, currents attributable to reference and sample beams are cancelled in the current mode. The detection circuit produces a first voltage proportional to the difference in currents and a second voltage proportional to one of the reference or sample beams. Both voltages are available to allow simultaneous measurement and analysis. Another aspect of the invention concerns thermal stability. According to the invention, thermal conductivity is established among the housing and optical system components to promote equilibrium. Another preferred embodiment has a unitary solid metal housing with a hollowed portion defined to mount and place optical system components. Recognition and identification of important noise sources in spectrophotometers forms an aspect of the invention contributing to the features and combinations of features in preferred embodiments. Many noise sources would not normally be considered in conventional spectrophotometry because the magnitude of particular noise sources dominates device performance.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及分光光度法的改进。 本发明的各方面可以独立地或一起使用来提高分光光度法的灵敏度。 本发明的一个方面是分光光度计检测电路。 在本发明的这个方面，在当前模式下，归因于参考和采样光束的电流被消除。 检测电路产生与电流差成比例的第一电压和与参考或采样光束之一成比例的第二电压。 两种电压均可用于同时测量和分析。 本发明的另一方面涉及热稳定性。 根据本发明，在壳体和光学系统部件之间建立导热性以促进平衡。 另一个优选实施例具有整体的实心金属外壳，其具有限定为安装和放置光学系统部件的中空部分。 识别和识别分光光度计中的重要噪声源形成本发明的一个方面，其有利于优选实施例中的特征和特征的组合。 常规分光光度法通常不会考虑许多噪声源，因为特定噪声源的大小主导器件性能。

公开(公告)号：US06618138B2

公开(公告)日：2003-09-09

申请号：US09973996

申请日：2001-10-09

Applicant: Jed Khoury

Inventor： Jed Khoury

IPC: G01J340

CPC classification number: G01N21/6456 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/7257 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/457 ,  G01N2021/6423

Abstract: An angularly multiplexed store contains filters derived from prior examination of input image reference samples, a spectrum analyzer produces spectral data representing the frequency spectrum of the input image under examination, a computer produces an encoded map of the spectral data representing the input image frequency spectrum. The encoded map is transformed, inputted into the store while close match spectral correlation light beams emerge from the multiplexed store, each having an emerging angle associated with that filter within the multiplexed store producing a close match with the first transform. An array of light beam detectors and a display present images having colors that indicate the nature of the input image such as a type of cancer. An associated memory-retro-reflector arrangement displays characters naming the materials making up the input image such as types of abnormal tissue. The disclosed apparatus can have significant application in medicine, food industry, spectroscopy, material science and other various areas.

公开(公告)号：US06184981B2

公开(公告)日：2001-02-06

申请号：US09277003

申请日：1999-03-26

Applicant: Victor H. Hasson ,  Mark A. Kovacs

Inventor： Victor H. Hasson ,  Mark A. Kovacs

IPC: G01J340

CPC classification number: G01S7/487 ,  G01J9/0215 ,  G01S7/483 ,  G01S7/484 ,  G01S13/10 ,  G01S13/87 ,  G01S17/88 ,  G01S17/95 ,  Y02A90/19

Abstract: Multiple independent spectral measurements of light reflected from a target are produced concurrently by illuminating the target with a train of laser pulses wherein the train of pulses produces a line spectrum within the illuminating signal. A characteristic dimension of the receiving aperture is established based on illuminating wavelength, a cross-sectional dimension of illuminated region of a target, and the range between a target and the receiving aperture or image plane. The characteristic dimension corresponds to the spacing of peaks in a speckle pattern of an image plane. The use of multiple receiving telescopes having the characteristic dimension allows for independent measurements concurrently by each of the receiving telescopes. The train of illuminating pulses is generated by mode-locked operation of the laser for synchronization of sinusoidal components at line frequencies of the pulse train spectrum, and wherein the spacing of the spectral lines is at least a decorrelation frequency. The number of spectral lines preferably equals the number of independent measurements concurrently attainable during reception of the reflected pulse train. Alternatively, the laser frequency may be linearly swept such that the overall bandwidth is equal to the bandwidth encompassed by the line spectrum of the generated pulse.

Abstract translation: 通过用一系列激光脉冲照射目标同时产生从目标反射的光的多个独立光谱测量，其中脉冲串在照明信号内产生线谱。 基于照明波长，目标的照明区域的横截面尺寸以及目标和接收孔径或图像平面之间的范围来建立接收孔径的特征尺寸。 特征尺寸对应于图像平面的斑纹图案中的峰的间隔。 使用具有特征尺寸的多个接收望远镜允许通过每个接收望远镜同时进行独立测量。 照明脉冲序列通过激光器的锁模操作产生，用于在脉冲序列频谱的线路频率处同步正弦分量，并且其中谱线的间隔至少为去相关频率。 频谱线的数量优选地等于在接收反射脉冲串期间可以同时获得的独立测量的数量。 或者，激光频率可以被线性扫描，使得总带宽等于由生成的脉冲的线谱包围的带宽。

公开(公告)号：US06690465B2

公开(公告)日：2004-02-10

申请号：US09752397

申请日：2001-01-03

Applicant: Masayoshi Shimizu ,  Masahiro Mori ,  Shoji Suzuki

Inventor： Masayoshi Shimizu ,  Masahiro Mori ,  Shoji Suzuki

IPC: G01J340

CPC classification number: G01J3/36 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/462 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J2003/467

Abstract: In measuring a spectral irradiance distribution of light, light is irradiated to n (natural number) light-transit sections, which respectively have n kinds of given optical characteristic coefficients, and s (natural number) optical sensors, which respectively have s kinds of given spectral sensitivities, receive the light via the n light-transit sections and detects individual responses for the received light. Then a calculating section calculates m (natural number) spectral irradiances for m kinds of wavelengths as a spectral irradiance distribution based on linear formulae established between the optical characteristic coefficients, the spectral sensitivities, (n×s) responses for the light obtained by the s optical sensors, and the spectral irradiance distribution of the light.

Abstract translation: 在测量光的光谱辐照度分布时，将光照射到分别具有n种给定光学特性系数的n（自然数）的光通过部分和s（自然数）光学传感器，其分别具有给定的种类 光谱灵敏度，通过n个光通过部分接收光，并检测接收到的光的各个响应。 然后，计算部分基于在光学特性系数，由s个光学传感器获得的光的光谱灵敏度，（nxs）响应之间建立的线性公式，计算m种波长的m（自然数）光谱辐照度作为光谱辐照度分布 ，以及光的光谱辐照度分布。

公开(公告)号：US06628383B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-30

申请号：US09691725

申请日：2000-10-18

Applicant: Ronnie Lewis Hilliard

Inventor： Ronnie Lewis Hilliard

IPC: G01J340

CPC classification number: G01J3/2823 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J2003/1828

Abstract: The Ebert-type mounting is modified for use as a multiorder spectrograph, by replacing the spherical primary mirror of the Ebert with a paraboloidal mirror to eliminate the astigmatism and spherical aberration of the Ebert mounting, and by replacing the Ebert's rotating plane grating, normally blazed for use in the first order, with a fixed low-blaze-angle grating blazed at a longer wavelength such that the radiation at the shorter wavelengths, for which the grating will be used, will be most efficiently dispersed into a multiplicity of higher spectral orders. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, these spectral orders are separated using a twice-through cross-dispersing prism mounted near the grating surface, with the grating and prism mounted and aligned together in a crossed-dispersion assembly that is interchangeable with other crossed-dispersion assemblies containing other grating and prism combinations.

Abstract translation: Ebert型安装被修改用作多级光谱仪，通过用抛物面镜替换Ebert的球形主镜，以消除Ebert安装的散光和球面像差，并通过更换Ebert旋转平面光栅，通常闪耀 用于第一级，具有以较长波长闪耀的固定的低辉度光栅，使得将使用光栅的较短波长的辐射将最有效地分散到多个更高的光谱阶数 。 在本发明的优选实施例中，使用安装在光栅表面附近的两倍交叉分散棱镜来分离这些光谱阶数，其中光栅和棱镜安装在一起，并与交叉色散组件对准， 包含其他光栅和棱镜组合的色散组件。

公开(公告)号：US06226083B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-01

申请号：US09305391

申请日：1999-05-05

Applicant: Robert E. Schwerzel ,  Nile F. Hartman

Inventor： Robert E. Schwerzel ,  Nile F. Hartman

IPC: G01J340

CPC classification number: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/0256 ,  G01J3/0259 ,  G01J3/1895 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/502 ,  G02B6/12004 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G02B6/136 ,  G02B6/42 ,  G02B2006/12176

Abstract: An integrated-optic spectrometer is disclosed for analyzing the composition of light reflected off a sample under analysis. In a simplified embodiment, the spectrometer includes a buffer, located on the top of a substrate, which is etched to create a diffraction grating having grating lines. The diffraction grating and grating lines are formed to provide diffraction of discrete wavelengths of light, while providing for maximum transmission of non-diffracted wavelengths. A waveguide is fabricated on top of the etched buffer through which the reflected light is directed. A photodiode detector array is located above the waveguide into which the diffracted wavelengths are diffracted, providing an analysis of the composition of the reflected light. A clad encompasses the integrated-optic spectrometer, thereby providing protection from outside interference.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于分析从分析样品反射的光的组成的集成光谱仪。 在简化的实施例中，光谱仪包括位于衬底顶部的缓冲器，其被蚀刻以产生具有光栅线的衍射光栅。 衍射光栅和光栅线被形成为提供离散波长的光的衍射，同时提供非衍射波长的最大透射。 在经过蚀刻的缓冲器的顶部上制造波导，反射光通过其被引导。 光电二极管检测器阵列位于衍射波长衍射的波导上方，提供对反射光的组成的分析。 包层包含集成光谱仪，从而提供防止外部干扰的保护。