REDUCTION OF CHALCOPYRITE BY AN AQUEOUS PHASE REDUCANT TO ENABLE HYDROMETALLURGICAL EXTRACTION OF COPPER

    公开(公告)号:US20240060199A1

    公开(公告)日:2024-02-22

    申请号:US18270560

    申请日:2021-12-29

    IPC分类号: C25C1/12

    CPC分类号: C25C1/12

    摘要: A copper concentrate such as chalcopyrite is contacted with an aqueous solution includes acids and a reducing agent, such as vanadium (II) ions, chromium (II) ions, or tungstozincic acid (H6ZnW12O40). The aqueous solution reduces the copper in the copper concentrate, which can then dissolve into the solution for recovery therefrom, or precipitate out of solution as copper compounds or elemental copper for recovery in as a solid phase product. The solid phase product can then be isolated, dissolved, and further electrowinned to recover a copper product from the copper concentrate. Oxidized reducing agent can be recovered in an electrochemical device with ferrous iron reactants. Hydrometallurgical routes to convert copper concentrates to copper are potentially less expensive and less polluting than current pyrometallurgical processing and an advantageous response to environmental and economic pressures for increased copper production.

    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ATP REGENERATION USING A SYNTHETIC ENZYME CASCADE AND NADH OXIDATION

    公开(公告)号:US20240318218A1

    公开(公告)日:2024-09-26

    申请号:US18610436

    申请日:2024-03-20

    IPC分类号: C12P19/30

    CPC分类号: C12P19/30

    摘要: Synthetic enzymatic cascades are provided that continuously produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from a variety of fuel sources. The cascades are prepared by expressing one or more NADH-dependent dehydrogenases, polyphosphate NAD+ kinases (PPNK), NADPH oxidases, and particular reversible ATP-NAD+ kinases (NADK). The NADH-dependent dehydrogenases oxidize fuel sources such as formate and methanol while converting NAD+ to NADH. The PPNKs convert the NADH to NADPH. The NADPH oxidases convert NADPH to NADP+. The NADKs then convert the NADP+ to NAD+ while also facilitating conversion of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to ATP. Human NADK exhibits high affinity for NAD+ and is thus impeded in the generation of ATP products via product inhibition. Thus, pigeon, duck, and cat NADK isoforms are implemented in the cascade instead. The cascades generate a low-cost, continuous source ATP product for use in numerous in vitro applications such as cell-free protein production.

    SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE BINDING OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS BY BETA ROLL PEPTIDES

    公开(公告)号:US20240209472A1

    公开(公告)日:2024-06-27

    申请号:US18124822

    申请日:2023-03-22

    IPC分类号: C22B3/18 C22B59/00

    CPC分类号: C22B3/18 C22B59/00

    摘要: Rare earth elements (REEs) are recovered by dissolving an REE-containing source in one or more solvents. The resulting solution is contacted with block V repeats-in-toxin (RTX) domains of adenylate cyclase from Bordetella pertussis. These polypeptides are generally intrinsically disordered. However, upon binding an amount of the REEs and/or REE-containing compounds, the polypeptide folds to form a beta roll (BR) secondary structure. The polypeptides also adopt the BR structure at very low pH, e.g., below about 1.5, yet are still capable of effectively binding REEs. The metal-peptide constructs can then be isolated for recovery of REE products. Native and synthetic RTX/BR domains can be used to bind and recover REEs with higher binding capacity than lanmodulin and enhanced REE selectivity. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure can be used to extract REEs from electronic wastes such as NdFeB magnets, seaweed ashes, used during biomining and bioleaching operations, etc.