公开(公告)号：US4435271A

公开(公告)日：1984-03-06

申请号：US451597

申请日：1982-12-20

申请人： Roland F. Deering ,  John H. Duir

发明人： Roland F. Deering ,  John H. Duir

IPC分类号： C10G1/02 ,  C10G1/00

CPC分类号： C10G1/02

摘要： A dry sealing leg apparatus is comprised of four chambers through which a moving bed of retorted shale particulates from an oil shale retort is passed serially: a surge chamber, a gas injection chamber, a seal leg chamber, and a gas disengaging chamber. In the gas injection chamber, a sealing gas penetrates the moving bed of shale and divides into two portions. One portion travels countercurrently to the shale through the surge chamber and enters the retort at a positive pressure to seal product gases therein. A second portion travels co-currently with the shale through the seal leg chamber and gas disengaging chamber and exits at a pressure less than that of the retort, having been reduced in pressure by resistance to its passage through the shale.A method is provided wherein shale particulates are retorted, then passed through the dry sealing leg to reduce pressure, and crushed at a lower pressure than the operating pressure of the retort, following which the crushed retorted particulates are transported by an entraining gas stream to a fluidized combustor in which a substantial proportion of combustible materials on the shale particulates is burned to release heat energy for recovery from the flue gases.

摘要翻译： 干燥密封腿装置包括四个室，通过该室通过串联地通过来自油页岩蒸馏器的蒸馏页岩微粒的移动床：缓冲室，气体注入室，密封腿室和气体分离室。 在气体注入室中，密封气体穿过页岩的移动床并分成两部分。 一部分通过缓冲室逆流地流到页岩，并以正压力进入蒸煮器以密封其中的产品气体。 第二部分通过密封腿室和气体分离室与页岩共同行进，并且以比蒸馏器的压力低的压力离开，其压力通过抵抗其通过页岩的阻力而减小。 提供了一种方法，其中页岩​​颗粒被蒸煮，然后通过干密封腿以减小压力，并在比蒸馏器的操作压力低的压力下压碎，随后将破碎的蒸馏颗粒通过夹带气流输送到 流化燃烧器，其中在页岩颗粒上的相当大比例的可燃材料被燃烧以释放用于从烟道气中回收的热能。

公开(公告)号：US4446001A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-01

申请号：US454836

申请日：1982-12-30

申请人： Roland F. Deering ,  John H. Duir

发明人： Roland F. Deering ,  John H. Duir

IPC分类号： C10G1/02 ,  C10G1/00

CPC分类号： C10G1/02

摘要： Retorted shale particles are recovered from a retort and delivered to a gas lift for transport to a fluidized combustor by passage, serially, through a sealing vessel, a crusher preferably operating at retort pressure, and a surge vessel. In the sealing vessel, a sealing gas is introduced, and after commingling with the shale, the gas passes counter-currently to the shale and enters the retort, thus sealing the retort gases in the retort while separating the retorted shale from the retort gases. Retorted shale from the sealing vessel is transported to a crusher, wherein the shale is reduced in size to that suitable for combustion under fluidized conditions. To prevent the crushed shale from packing, the shale is passed to a surge vessel, wherein the crushed shale is held as a fluidized bed, from which the crushed shale is continuously withdrawn at a regulated rate and introduced into the gas lift leading to the fluidized combustor.

摘要翻译： 蒸馏页岩颗粒从蒸馏器中回收并输送到气举，以通过连续通过密封容器，优选在蒸煮压力下运行的破碎机和喘振容器通过流化燃烧器。 在密封容器中，引入密封气体，并且在与页岩混合之后，气体相反地通向页岩并进入蒸馏器，从而将蒸馏的气体密封在蒸馏器中，同时将蒸馏页岩与蒸馏气体分离。 来自密封容器的蒸馏页岩被输送到破碎机，其中页岩​​尺寸减小到在流化条件下适合燃烧的页岩。 为了防止粉碎的页岩进行包装，页岩被传送到冲击容器，其中被粉碎的页岩被保持为流化床，从而从此从碎石页岩以规定的速率连续地取出页岩，并引入到通向流化床 燃烧器。

公开(公告)号：US4551206A

公开(公告)日：1985-11-05

申请号：US568108

申请日：1984-01-04

申请人： Roland F. Deering ,  John H. Duir

发明人： Roland F. Deering ,  John H. Duir

IPC分类号： C10G1/02 ,  C10B33/00

CPC分类号： C10G1/02

摘要： A dry sealing leg apparatus is comprised of four chambers through which a moving bed of retorted shale particulates from an oil shale retort is passed serially: a surge chamber, a gas injection chamber, a seal leg chamber, and a gas disengaging chamber. In the gas injection chamber, a sealing gas penetrates the moving bed of shale and divides into two portions. One portion travels countercurrently to the shale through the surge chamber and enters the retort at a positive pressure to seal product gases therein. A second portion travels co-currently with the shale through the seal leg chamber and gas disengaging chamber and exits at a pressure less than that of the retort, having been reduced in pressure by resistance to its passage through the shale.A method is provided wherein shale particulates are retorted, then passed through the dry sealing leg to reduce pressure, and crushed at a lower pressure than the operating pressure of the retort, following which the crushed retorted particulates are transported by an entraining gas stream to a fluidized combustor in which a substantial proportion of combustible materials on the shale particulates is burned to release heat energy for recovery from the flue gases.

摘要翻译： 干燥密封腿装置包括四个室，通过该室通过串联地通过来自油页岩蒸馏器的蒸馏页岩微粒的移动床：缓冲室，气体注入室，密封腿室和气体分离室。 在气体注入室中，密封气体穿过页岩的移动床并分成两部分。 一部分通过缓冲室逆流地流到页岩，并以正压力进入蒸煮器以密封其中的产品气体。 第二部分通过密封腿室和气体分离室与页岩共同行进，并且以比蒸馏器的压力低的压力离开，其压力通过抵抗其通过页岩的阻力而减小。 提供了一种方法，其中页岩​​颗粒被蒸煮，然后通过干密封腿以减小压力，并在比蒸馏器的操作压力低的压力下压碎，随后将破碎的蒸馏颗粒通过夹带气流输送到 流化燃烧器，其中在页岩颗粒上的相当大比例的可燃材料被燃烧以释放用于从烟道气中回收的热能。

公开(公告)号：US4523979A

公开(公告)日：1985-06-18

申请号：US569237

申请日：1984-01-09

申请人： Roland F. Deering ,  John H. Duir

发明人： Roland F. Deering ,  John H. Duir

IPC分类号： C10G1/02 ,  C10B49/00

CPC分类号： C10G1/02

摘要： Retorted shale particles are recovered from a retort and delivered to a gas lift for transport to a fluidized combustor by passage, serially, through a sealing vessel, a crusher preferably operating at retort pressure, and a surge vessel. In the sealing vessel, a sealing gas is introduced, and after commingling with the shale, the gas passes countercurrently to the shale and enters the retort, thus sealing the retort gases in the retort while separating the retorted shale from the retort gases. Retorted shale from the sealing vessel is transported to a crusher, wherein the shale is reduced in size to that suitable for combustion under fluidized conditions. To prevent the crushed shale from packing, the shale is passed to a surge vessel, wherein the crushed shale is held as a fluidized bed, from which the crushed shale is continuously withdrawn at a regulated rate and introduced into the gas lift leading to the fluidized combustor.

摘要翻译： 蒸馏页岩颗粒从蒸馏器中回收并输送到气举，以通过连续通过密封容器，优选在蒸煮压力下运行的破碎机和喘振容器通过流化燃烧器。 在密封容器中，引入密封气体，在与页岩混合之后，气体逆流地流入页岩并进入蒸馏器，从而将蒸馏的气体密封在蒸馏器中，同时将蒸馏页岩与蒸馏气体分离。 来自密封容器的蒸馏页岩被输送到破碎机，其中页岩​​尺寸减小到在流化条件下适合燃烧的页岩。 为了防止粉碎的页岩进行包装，页岩被传送到冲击容器，其中被粉碎的页岩被保持为流化床，从而从此从碎石页岩以规定的速率连续地取出页岩，并引入到通向流化床 燃烧器。

公开(公告)号：US4448668A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-15

申请号：US451602

申请日：1982-12-20

申请人： Roland F. Deering

发明人： Roland F. Deering

IPC分类号： C10G1/02 ,  C10B47/00

CPC分类号： C10G1/02 ,  Y10S208/951

摘要： Crushed, retorted shale particles recovered from a shale oil retort but still containing combustible materials are burned under oxidizing conditions in a fluidized combustor to remove substantially all of the hydrocarbonaceous materials. Hot combustion flue gases are recovered, divided, and delivered to two heat exchangers, the first for indirectly preheating recycled retort education gases and the second for indirectly heating water. Also recovered from the combustor are shale particles, which are introduced into a fluidized cooling vessel and therein cooled by indirectly exchanging heat with water while traces of residual hydrocarbons burn from the shale.

摘要翻译： 从页岩油蒸馏器回收但仍含有可燃材料的粉碎的蒸馏页岩颗粒在氧化条件下在流化燃烧器中燃烧以除去基本上所有的含烃材料。 热燃烧烟气被回收，分配并运送到两个热交换器，第一个用于间接预热再生的蒸馏教育气体，第二个用于间接加热水。 还从燃烧器回收的是页岩颗粒，其被引入流化冷却容器中，并且通过与水间接交换热而冷却，同时痕量的残余烃从页岩燃烧。

公开(公告)号：US4069132A

公开(公告)日：1978-01-17

申请号：US713384

申请日：1976-08-11

申请人： Roland F. Deering

发明人： Roland F. Deering

IPC分类号： C10G1/02

CPC分类号： C10G1/02

摘要： A method is provided for retorting oil shale whereby full utilization of the heat energy available in the retorted shale and maximum desulfurization of the flue gas released to the atmosphere are simultaneously effected. Basically, the process comprises passing a crushed shale feed upwardly through preheating and retorting zones in a retort vessel wherein eduction of shale oil and product gases is achieved by direct heat exchange with a preheated, recycled portion of said product gases passed countercurrently to the shale feed, and then passing the retorted shale downwardly through combustion and cooling zones. Complete combustion of coke on the retorted shale in the combustion zone not only results in full utilization of the potential heat energy stored within the retorted shale but also in the production of gaseous sulfur components (mostly SO.sub.2) that chemically react with the alkaline components of the shale. Concurrent flow of gas and retorted shale in the combustion zone at temperatures between 900.degree. and 1670.degree. F permits the reaction between said SO.sub.2 and the alkaline components of the shale to proceed essentially to completion, thus desulfurizing the flue gas produced in said combustion zone.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于蒸馏油页岩的方法，由此充分利用排出的页岩中可获得的热能并释放到大气中的烟道气的最大脱硫同时进行。 基本上，该方法包括将破碎的页岩进料向上通过在蒸煮容器中的预热和蒸煮区域，其中页岩​​油和产物气体的排出通过与所述产物气体的预热的再循环部分逆流地与页岩进料直接热交换来实现 ，然后将蒸发的页岩向下通过燃烧和冷却区。 焦炭在燃烧区的蒸馏页岩上的完全燃烧不仅可以充分利用储存在蒸馏页岩中的潜在热能，而且可以产生与其中碱性组分发生化学反应的气态硫组分（主要是SO 2） 页岩。 在900〜1670°F的温度范围内，燃烧区内气体和蒸馏页岩的同时流动允许所述SO 2与页岩的碱性组分之间的反应基本上完成，从而使在所述燃烧区产生的废气脱硫。

公开(公告)号：US4604019A

公开(公告)日：1986-08-05

申请号：US633806

申请日：1984-07-24

申请人： Roland F. Deering

发明人： Roland F. Deering

IPC分类号： C10B31/02 ,  C10J3/34 ,  F23K3/00

CPC分类号： C10B31/02 ,  C10J3/34 ,  C10J2200/154 ,  C10J2200/36 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1807

摘要： An apparatus for removing solids from a solids upflow vessel, preferably an upflow retort, which includes a horizontally reciprocatable carriage containing a vertical feed cylinder that extends downward from a horizontal seal plate. A vertically reciprocatable piston is located inside the feed cylinder. One section of the seal plate contains a hole and a sliding door for opening and closing the hole. During normal operations when the apparatus is used to feed solids from a feed chute to an upflow vessel, the carriage is reciprocated between a first stationary position wherein the feed cylinder is aligned with the outlet of the solids feed chute while at least a portion of the closed hole in the seal plate is aligned with and below the inlet to the upflow vessel, and a second stationary position wherein the feed cylinder is aligned with the inlet to the upflow vessel while another section of the seal plate is aligned with the outlet from the feed chute. A tram-like suspension system moveably supports the carriage from elevated structural rails. When it is desired to remove solids from the upflow vessel during a maintenance shutdown, the hole in the seal plate is opened and the carriage is moved between its first and second stationary positions such that at least a portion of the open hole is aligned with and below the inlet to the upflow vessel.

摘要翻译： 一种用于从固体上流容器中除去固体的装置，优选地是向上流动的蒸煮器，其包括水平往复运动的托架，其包含从水平密封板向下延伸的垂直进料筒。 可往复运动的活塞位于进料缸内部。 密封板的一个部分包括一个孔和一个用于打开和关闭孔的滑动门。 在正常操作期间，当设备用于将固体从进料槽输送到上流容器时，滑架在第一静止位置之间往复运动，其中进料圆筒与固体进料槽的出口对准，而至少一部分 密封板中的封闭孔与向上流动容器的入口对准，并且在第二静止位置处，其中进料圆筒与向上流动容器的入口对准，而密封板的另一部分与来自 饲料槽。 有轨电车悬挂系统从高架结构轨道可移动地支撑滑架。 当需要在维护停机期间从上流容器中除去固体时，密封板中的孔打开，并且滑架在其第一和第二静止位置之间移动，使得开孔的至少一部分与 在向上流动容器的入口下方。

公开(公告)号：US4515679A

公开(公告)日：1985-05-07

申请号：US510402

申请日：1983-07-05

申请人： Roland F. Deering

发明人： Roland F. Deering

IPC分类号： C10G1/02

CPC分类号： C10G1/02

摘要： Hot particles removed from a retort, preferably retort-sized particles of oil shale removed from a retort operating at superatmospheric pressure, are crushed and fed to a fluidized surge zone maintained under non-oxidizing conditions at substantially the pressure of the retort to forestall escape of retort gases. Raw fines are introduced into the surge zone and retorted without agglomeration by heat transferred from the hot retorted particles and/or a heated fluidizing gas stream to educe hydrocarbonaceous vapors. Educed vapors are scrubbed, condensed and separated into liquid and gaseous product streams, a portion of the latter being recycled to provide fluidizing process gas streams.

摘要翻译： 从蒸馏器中取出的热颗粒，优选从处于超大气压下操作的蒸馏器中取出的蒸馏大小的油页岩颗粒被粉碎并进料到在非氧化条件下保持在非氧化条件下的基本上在蒸煮压力下的流化缓冲区，以防止 蒸馏气体。 原始细粉被引入浪涌区，并且通过从热蒸馏颗粒和/或加热的流化气体流传递的热量蒸发而没有附聚，从而导致含烃蒸气。 被蒸发的蒸汽被洗涤，冷凝并分离成液体和气态产物流，其中一部分被再循环以提供流化过程气体流。

公开(公告)号：US4025416A

公开(公告)日：1977-05-24

申请号：US642151

申请日：1975-12-18

申请人： Roland F. Deering ,  Roland O. Dhondt ,  Thomas A. Seesee

发明人： Roland F. Deering ,  Roland O. Dhondt ,  Thomas A. Seesee

IPC分类号： C10G1/02 ,  C10G1/06

CPC分类号： C10G1/06 ,  C10G1/02

摘要： Crushed oil shale is subjected to eduction in a solids-upflow or -downflow retort in contact with a preheated counter-currently flowing eduction gas comprising a recycled portion of the retort make gases. The problem of shale particle agglomeration is avoided by correlating the eduction gas flow rate and temperature so as to insure that the 750.degree.-850.degree. F shale temperature interval in the retort is maintained at a level sufficiently high in the retort that the total shale, or "rock" pressure bearing down on said interval is insufficient to bring about agglomeration. It is found that the problem of agglomeration is critical to the 750.degree.-850.degree. F temperature range, and that there is a definite correlation between the oil assay of the raw shale and the permissible rock pressure which the shale particles in this temperature range can withstand without undergoing agglomeration. Provision is made for shifting the 750.degree.-850.degree. F zone upwardly or downwardly in the retort.

摘要翻译： 破碎油页岩在固体向上流动或向下流动的蒸煮器中进行接触，与预热的反向流动的排出气体接触，该气体包括蒸馏制备气体的再循环部分。 通过将吸入气体流量和温度相关联来避免页岩颗粒聚集的问题，以确保蒸馏器中的750°-850°F页岩温度间隔在蒸馏器中保持在足够高的水平，即总页岩， 或“岩石”压力承受所述间隔的压力不足以引起附聚。 发现附聚问题对于750°-850°F的温度范围是至关重要的，并且在这个温度范围内页岩颗粒的原始页岩油分析与允许的岩石压力之间存在着明确的相关性 经受不住聚集。 规定在蒸馏器中向上或向下移动750°-850°F区域。

公开(公告)号：US4564437A

公开(公告)日：1986-01-14

申请号：US626673

申请日：1984-07-02

申请人： Roland F. Deering

发明人： Roland F. Deering

IPC分类号： C10G1/02

CPC分类号： C10G1/02

摘要： Hot, coarse, particles removed from a retort, preferably coarse particles of oil shale removed from a retort operating at superatmospheric pressure, are crushed to a size suitable for fluidization and then fed to a fluidization zone maintained under non-oxidizing conditions at substantially the pressure of the retort to forestall escape of retort gases. Raw fines are introduced into the fluidization zone and retorted without agglomeration using heat transferred from the hot retorted particles. Also introduced into the fluidization zone is a heated fluidizing gas stream comprised of recycle retort gas, which is employed to educe hydrocarbonaceous vapors from the fines and, optionally transfer heat. Educed vapors from the fluidization zone are recycled to the retort to be partially condensed and recovered as liquid and gaseous product streams along with other vapors educed in the retort.

摘要翻译： 从蒸馏器中除去的热的，粗的颗粒，优选从在超大气压下操作的蒸馏器中除去的粗大的油页岩颗粒被粉碎至适于流化的尺寸，然后进料至基本上压力下保持在非氧化条件下的流化区 的蒸馏器以防止蒸馏气体逸出。 原料细粉被引入流化区，并使用从热蒸馏颗粒转移的热量进行蒸馏而不凝结。 还引入流化区的是加热的流化气流，其包括循环蒸馏气体，其被用于从细粉中排出烃类蒸气，并且任选地传递热量。 来自流化区的蒸气被再循环到蒸馏器中，作为液体和气态产物流以及在蒸馏器中引发的其它蒸气一起被部分冷凝和回收。