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公开(公告)号：US06914396B1
公开(公告)日：2005-07-05
申请号：US09921529
申请日：2001-07-31
摘要： A high-current, high-gradient, high-efficiency, multi-stage cavity cyclotron resonance accelerator (MCCRA) provides energy gains of over 50 MeV/stage, at an acceleration gradient that exceeds 20 MeV/m, in room temperature cavities. The multi-stage cavity cyclotron resonance accelerator includes a charged particle source, a plurality of end-to-end rotating mode room-temperature cavities, and a solenoid coil. The solenoid coil encompasses the cavities and provides a substantially uniform magnetic field that threads through the cavities. Specifically, the MCCRA is provided with a constant magnetic field sufficient to produce a cyclotron frequency a little higher than the RF of the accelerating electric field. A plurality of input feeds, each of which respectively coupled to a cavity, are also provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the beam from the first cavity passes through a cutoff drift tube and is accelerated further with a cavity supporting a still lower radio-frequency electric field. This embodiment yields a several-milliampere one-gigavolt proton beam efficiently. The single cavity transfers about 70% of the radio-frequency energy to the beam. A multiple-cavity accelerator using a constant or slightly decreasing static magnetic field along its length and using cutoff drift tubes between the cavities operating at progressively lower frequencies, each somewhat lower than the local relativistic cyclotron frequency of the beam in that cavity, provides an extremely-efficient, compact, continuously-operating, medium-energy accelerator. In another embodiment of the invention, the progressively lower frequencies are selected to decrease in substantially equal increments corresponding to a difference frequency. The charged particles are emitted in pulses in correspondence with the difference frequency.
摘要翻译： 高电流，高梯度，高效率，多级腔回旋共振加速器（MCCRA）在室温腔中以超过20MeV / m的加速度梯度提供超过50MeV /级的能量增益。 多级腔回旋共振加速器包括带电粒子源，多个端对端旋转模式室温腔和螺线管线圈。 螺线管线圈包围空腔，并提供穿过空腔的基本均匀的磁场。 具体地说，MCCRA具有足以产生比加速电场的RF略高的回旋加速器频率的恒定磁场。 还提供了分别耦合到空腔的多个输入馈送。 根据本发明的一个实施例，来自第一腔的光束穿过截止漂移管，并进一步加速，并支持更低的射频电场。 该实施例有效地产生几毫安的一千兆瓦质子束。 单个腔将大约70％的射频能量传递到光束。 使用沿其长度恒定或稍微减小的静态磁场的多腔加速器，并且使用在逐渐更低频率下操作的腔之间的截止漂移管，每个稍低于该空腔中的梁的局部相对论回旋加速器频率， 低效，紧凑，连续运行的中等能量加速器。 在本发明的另一个实施例中，逐渐降低的频率被选择为以对应于差频率的基本相等的增量减小。 带电粒子以与差频相对应的脉冲发射。
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公开(公告)号：US5744910A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-28
申请号：US41765
申请日：1993-04-02
IPC分类号： H01J23/10 , H01J23/087
CPC分类号： H01J23/087
摘要： A focusing system for a helix TWT includes a polepiece structure for conducting magnetic flux to a drift tube of the TWT in a first general direction and conducting the magnetic flux from the drift tube in a second general direction perpendicular to the first general direction. Radially magnetized permanent magnets are disposed at outer portions of the polepiece structure and supply the magnetic flux. A first pair of the magnets have a first direction of polarity, and a second pair of the magnets have a second direction of polarity opposite to the first direction. An outer shell encapsulates the polepiece structure and the magnets, and provides a magnetic flux return path. An electron beam travels in the drift tube and the magnetic flux provides focusing for the electron beam.
摘要翻译： 用于螺旋TWT的聚焦系统包括用于在第一大体方向上向TWT的漂移管传导磁通量并且在垂直于第一大致方向的第二总方向上从漂移管传导磁通的极靴结构。 径向磁化的永磁体设置在极靴结构的外部并提供磁通量。 第一对磁体具有第一极性方向，并且第二对磁体具有与第一方向相反的极性的第二方向。 外壳封装了极靴结构和磁体，并提供磁通返回路径。 电子束在漂移管中行进，磁通量为电子束提供聚焦。
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3.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06462474B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-08
申请号：US09533896
申请日：2000-03-21
IPC分类号： H01J2316
CPC分类号： H01J23/0275 , H01J2223/027
摘要： A linear beam device comprises a cathode and an anode spaced therefrom, with the anode and cathode being operable to form and accelerate an electron beam. An RF interaction region having a drift tube is arranged relative to the anode to permit the electron beam to pass therethrough. A multi-stage depressed collector of the linear beam device has a plurality of collector electrodes successively arranged to collect spent electrons of the electron beam after passing through the RF interaction region. Each one of the plurality of collector electrodes has a distinct voltage level applied thereto defining a decelerating electric field within the collector. At least one of the plurality of collector electrodes further comprises a collecting surface having a shape that is normal to a coincident trajectory of the spent electrons, whereby a substantial portion of the collecting surface is covered with a plurality of narrow grooves. In an embodiment of the invention, the grooved collector electrode further comprises the final electrode of the collector. The final electrode has a surface that is substantially spherical, and the plurality of grooves may be arranged in a concentric pattern of circles on the electrode surface. The plurality of grooves may be formed to a depth that is approximately twice a corresponding width. A region adjacent to an opening of each of the plurality of grooves comprises electric fields defining a convergent lens, thereby focusing the spent electrons into the plurality of grooves.
摘要翻译： 线性束装置包括阴极和与之隔开的阳极，阳极和阴极可操作以形成和加速电子束。 具有漂移管的RF相互作用区域相对于阳极布置以允许电子束通过。 线性光束装置的多级压陷集电极具有多个集电极，其连续地布置成在通过RF相互作用区域之后收集电子束的废电子。 多个集电极中的每一个具有施加到其上的不同的电压电平，从而限定收集器内的减速电场。 多个集电极中的至少一个还包括具有垂直于废电子的重合轨迹的形状的收集表面，由此收集表面的大部分被多个窄槽覆盖。 在本发明的一个实施例中，带槽集电极还包括集电极的最终电极。 最终电极具有基本上球形的表面，并且多个凹槽可以在电极表面上以同心圆形图案布置。 多个凹槽可以形成为相当宽度大约两倍的深度。 与多个凹槽中的每一个的开口相邻的区域包括限定会聚透镜的电场，从而将废电子聚焦到多个凹槽中。
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4.发明授权Low impedance grid-anode interaction region for an inductive output amplifier 失效用于感应输出放大器的低阻抗栅极 - 阳极相互作用区域
公开(公告)号：US6133786A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-17
申请号：US54747
申请日：1998-04-03
摘要： A linear beam amplification device includes an axially centered electron emitting cathode and an anode spaced therefrom. The cathode provides an electron beam in response to a relatively high voltage potential defined between the cathode and the anode. A control grid is spaced between the cathode and anode for modulating the electron beam in accordance with an input signal. A signal input assembly of the linear beam amplification device comprises an axial input cavity into which the input signal is inductively coupled. The grid-cathode region is electrically connected to the input cavity. A low impedance grid-anode cavity is disposed coaxially with the input cavity and is in electrical communication with an interaction region defined between the grid and the anode. The low impedance of the grid-anode cavity is provided by constructing the cavity of a material having a relatively high surface resistivity, such as iron. The high surface resistivity tends to reduce the Q (quality factor) of the grid-anode cavity, which also reduces the impedance of the grid-anode cavity. Alternatively, the grid-anode cavity may be tuned to define a transmission line having an electrical length approximately equal to n.lambda./4, where .lambda. is the wavelength of the input RF signal, and n is an even integer.
摘要翻译： 线性光束放大装置包括轴向居中的电子发射阴极和与其间隔开的阳极。 阴极响应于在阴极和阳极之间限定的相对高的电压电位而提供电子束。 控制栅极在阴极和阳极之间隔开，用于根据输入信号调制电子束。 线性光束放大装置的信号输入组件包括一个轴向输入腔，输入信号被感应耦合到该输入腔中。 栅极 - 阴极区域电连接到输入腔。 低阻抗栅极 - 阳极腔与输入腔同轴设置，并与栅格和阳极之间限定的相互作用区域电连通。 通过构造具有相对较高表面电阻率的材料（例如铁）的空腔来提供栅极 - 阳极腔的低阻抗。 高表面电阻率倾向于降低栅极 - 阳极腔的Q（品质因数），这也降低了栅 - 阳极腔的阻抗。 或者，栅极 - 阳极腔可以被调谐以限定具有近似等于nλ/ 4的电长度的传输线，其中λ是输入RF信号的波长，并且n是偶数整数。
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公开(公告)号：US06998783B2
公开(公告)日：2006-02-14
申请号：US10378971
申请日：2003-03-03
IPC分类号： H01J25/02
CPC分类号： H01J23/0275 , H01J23/24 , H01J25/04
摘要： An inductive output tube (IOT) provides improved efficiency and larger bandwidth. In one embodiment, an IOT is provided with an electron gun that generates an electron beam, a tube body, a collector for collecting the electron beam, and an extended-interaction output circuit. The electron beam travels through the tube body and the extended-interaction output circuit. The extended-interaction output circuit is located within the tube body. The extended-interaction output circuit comprises a short-circuited resonant structure. The extended-interaction output circuit is used for reducing undesired components of a radio frequency (RF) wave, increasing desired components of the RF wave, and slowing down the propagation of the RF wave. (That is the circuit increases the integral of the electric field along the path of the beam electrons while decreasing the stored energy associated with those fields.) The extended-interaction output circuit also provides the IOT with larger bandwidth operation. The collector may be a multi-stage depressed collector having voltages on the collector to result in a constant efficiency characteristic. The radio-frequency drive power to the tube is connected by means of a broadband impedance matching transformer, and the grid to cathode capacitance may be reduced by depressions in the surface of the cathode directly underneath the grid structure.
摘要翻译： 感应输出管（IOT）提供更高的效率和更大的带宽。 在一个实施例中，IOT设置有产生电子束的电子枪，管体，用于收集电子束的收集器和扩展交互输出电路。 电子束通过管体和扩展相互作用输出电路。 扩展交互输出电路位于管体内。 扩展交互输出电路包括短路谐振结构。 扩展交互输出电路用于减少射频（RF）波的不期望的分量，增加RF波的期望分量，并减慢RF波的传播。 （这是电路增加沿着电子束电子的路径的电场的积分，同时减少与这些场相关联的存储能量。）扩展交互输出电路还为IOT提供更大的带宽操作。 收集器可以是在集电极上具有电压以产生恒定效率特性的多级下压集电极。 通过宽带阻抗匹配变压器连接到管的射频驱动电源，并且栅极与阴极电容可以通过直接在栅极结构下面的阴极表面的凹陷来减小。
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公开(公告)号：US06420822B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-16
申请号：US09354299
申请日：1999-07-15
IPC分类号： H01J162
CPC分类号： H01J1/13 , H01J1/14 , H01J9/04 , H01J2201/306
摘要： An electron emissive cathode is designed based upon the triple-junction effect. The electron emitting cathode comprises a cathode body having an emitting surface for emitting electrons. A ferroelectric material is impregnated within the cathode body such that the ferroelectric material enhances the emission of electrons from the emitting surface. The cathode body may comprise a tungsten matrix material and the ferroelectric material may comprise a barium titanate, lithium niobate material and/or other known ferroelectrics.
摘要翻译： 基于三结效应设计电子发射阴极。 电子发射阴极包括具有用于发射电子的发射表面的阴极体。 铁电材料浸渍在阴极体内，使得铁电材料增强了从发射表面发射的电子。 阴极体可以包括钨基质材料，并且铁电材料可以包括钛酸钡，铌酸锂材料和/或其它已知的铁电体。
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7.发明授权Crowbar circuit for linear beam device having multi-stage depressed collector 失效用于具有多级收集器的线性束装置的撬棒电路公开(公告)号：US06262536B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-17
申请号：US09506973
申请日：2000-02-18
IPC分类号： H01J2316
CPC分类号： H01J23/34 , H01J23/0275
摘要： A linear beam device having a multi-stage depressed collector is provided with a single crowbar circuit that quickly removes all voltages from the collector electrodes upon detection of an arc between the collector electrodes. The linear beam device comprises a cathode and an anode spaced therefrom that are operable to form and accelerate an electron beam. A collector having a plurality of successive collector electrodes is arranged downstream from the anode to collect electrons of the electron beam. At least one power supply is coupled to the collector and provides a plurality of distinct voltage levels to respective ones of the collector electrodes. The power supply comprises a plurality of serially coupled filter capacitors, with each one of the filter capacitors being charged to a respective difference between adjacent ones of the distinct voltage levels. A crowbar circuit is coupled across the plurality of filter capacitors. The crowbar circuit reduces the total voltage across the plurality of filter capacitors to zero upon detection of an arc between any two of the collector electrodes. According to an embodiment of the invention, the power supply further comprises a plurality of diodes respectively coupled across the plurality of serially coupled filter capacitors. The diodes prevent reversal of voltage of a corresponding one of the filter capacitors upon operation of the crowbar circuit.
摘要翻译： 具有多级下陷集电极的线性光束装置设置有单个短路电路，其在检测到集电极之间的电弧时迅速地从集电极电极去除所有电压。 线性束装置包括阴极和与之隔开的阳极，其可操作以形成和加速电子束。 具有多个连续集电极的集电极布置在阳极的下游，以收集电子束的电子。 至少一个电源耦合到集电极并且向相应的集电极提供多个不同的电压电平。 电源包括多个串联耦合的滤波电容器，其中每个滤波电容器被充电到相邻的不同电压电平之间的相应差值。 撬棒电路耦合在多个滤波电容器之间。 在检测到任何两个集电极之间的电弧时，短路电路将多个滤波电容器两端的总电压降低到零。 根据本发明的实施例，电源还包括分别耦合在多个串联耦合的滤波电容器上的多个二极管。 二极管防止在消弧电路工作时相应的一个滤波电容器的电压反转。
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公开(公告)号：US5932972A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-03
申请号：US804808
申请日：1997-02-24
摘要： An electron gun provides multiple convergent beamlets in a rectilinear flow for use in multiple drift tubes of a multiple beam klystron. The electron gun comprises a cathode having a concave emitting surface and an anode having a concave surface defined by respective ends of a plurality of hollow drift tubes. The anode surface is spaced from the cathode surface and has a positive voltage potential applied thereto to define a series of equipotential contour surfaces between the cathode and the anode. A plurality of grids are located between the cathode and the anode, with each one of the grids being disposed coincident with a respective one of the equipotential contour surfaces with a first one of the grids located closely adjacent to the cathode surface. Each one of the grids further has a plurality of perforations extending therethrough in substantial registration with each other and with respective openings of the plurality of drift tubes. A plurality of electron beamlets are drawn from the cathode surface through respective ones of the plurality of perforations and into respective ones of the plurality of drift tubes.
摘要翻译： 电子枪在直流流中提供多个会聚子束，用于多波束速调管的多个漂移管。 电子枪包括具有凹形发射表面的阴极和具有由多个空心漂移管的相应末端限定的凹面的阳极。 阳极表面与阴极表面间隔开并且具有施加到其上的正电压电位以在阴极和阳极之间限定一系列等电位轮廓表面。 多个栅极位于阴极和阳极之间，其中每个栅格被布置成与相应的一个等电位轮廓表面重合，其中第一个栅极位于与阴极表面紧密相邻的位置。 每个网格还具有穿过其中的多个穿孔，其彼此基本对齐并且与多个漂移管的相应开口相对。 多个电子束从阴极表面通过多个穿孔中的相应的穿孔和多个漂移管中的相应的一个穿过。
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公开(公告)号：US06617810B2
公开(公告)日：2003-09-09
申请号：US09797434
申请日：2001-03-01
IPC分类号： H05H300
摘要： A high-current, high-gradient, high-efficiency, multi-stage cavity cyclotron resonance accelerator (MCCRA) provides energy gains of over 50 MeV/stage, at an acceleration gradient that exceeds 20 MeV/m, in room temperature cavities. The multi-stage cavity cyclotron resonance accelerator includes a charged particle source, a plurality of end-to-end rotating mode room-temperature cavities, and a solenoid coil. The solenoid coil encompasses the cavities and provides a substantially uniform magnetic field that threads through the cavities. Specifically, the MCCRA is provided with a constant magnetic field sufficient to produce a cyclotron frequency a little higher than the RF of the accelerating electric field. A plurality of input feeds, each of which respectively coupled to a cavity, are also provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the beam from the first cavity passes through a cutoff drift tube and is accelerated further with a cavity supporting a still lower radio-frequency electric field. This embodiment yields a several-milliampere one-gigavolt proton beam efficiently. The single cavity transfers about 70% of the radio-frequency energy to the beam. A multiple-cavity accelerator using a constant or slightly decreasing static magnetic field along its length and using cutoff drift tubes between the cavities operating at progressively lower frequencies, each somewhat lower than the local relativistic cyclotron frequency of the beam in that cavity, provides an extremely-efficient, compact, continuously-operating, medium-energy accelerator.
摘要翻译： 高电流，高梯度，高效率，多级腔回旋共振加速器（MCCRA）在室温腔中以超过20MeV / m的加速度梯度提供超过50MeV /级的能量增益。 多级腔回旋共振加速器包括带电粒子源，多个端对端旋转模式室温腔和螺线管线圈。 螺线管线圈包围空腔，并提供穿过空腔的基本均匀的磁场。 具体地说，MCCRA具有足以产生比加速电场的RF略高的回旋加速器频率的恒定磁场。 还提供了分别耦合到空腔的多个输入馈送。 根据本发明的一个实施例，来自第一腔的光束穿过截止漂移管，并进一步加速，并支持更低的射频电场。 该实施例有效地产生几毫安的一千兆瓦质子束。 单个腔将大约70％的射频能量传递到光束。 使用沿其长度恒定或稍微减小的静态磁场的多腔加速器，并且使用在逐渐更低频率下操作的腔之间的截止漂移管，每个稍低于该空腔中的梁的局部相对论回旋加速器频率， 低效，紧凑，连续运行的中等能量加速器。
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公开(公告)号：US06617791B2
公开(公告)日：2003-09-09
申请号：US10158975
申请日：2002-05-31
IPC分类号： H01J2302
CPC分类号： H01J23/087 , H01J25/04 , H01J2223/0275
摘要： An inductive output tube (IOT) of a multi-staged depressed collector provides improved efficiency by approximating a Brillouin electron beam flow. In one embodiment, an IOT is provided with an electron gun that generates an electron beam, a tube body, a multi-staged depressed collector for collecting the electron beam, and a magnetic solenoid. The electron beam travels through the tube body. The magnetic solenoid produces a magnetic flux that focuses the electron beam as it travels through the tube body. The magnetic flux includes a portion that threads through the electron gun. The IOT is adapted to reduce this portion of the magnetic flux in order to provide improvements in the efficiency of the IOT.
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