公开(公告)号：US5978444A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-02

申请号：US000880

申请日：1997-12-30

Applicant: Muzaffer Atac ,  Timothy McKay

Inventor： Muzaffer Atac ,  Timothy McKay

IPC: G01N23/20 ,  H05G1/64

CPC classification number: G01N23/20008

Abstract: An apparatus and method for directly determining the crystalline structure of a protein crystal. The crystal is irradiated by a finely collimated x-ray beam. The interaction of the x-ray beam with the crystal produces scattered x-rays. These scattered x-rays are detected by means of a large area, thick CCD which is capable of measuring a significant number of scattered x-rays which impact its surface. The CCD is capable of detecting the position of impact of the scattered x-ray on the surface of the CCD and the quantity of scattered x-rays which impact the same cell or pixel. This data is then processed in real-time and the processed data is outputted to produce a image of the structure of the crystal. If this crystal is a protein the molecular structure of the protein can be determined from the data received.

Abstract translation: 用于直接测定蛋白质晶体的晶体结构的装置和方法。 晶体被精细准直的X射线束照射。 x射线束与晶体的相互作用产生散射的X射线。 这些分散的x射线通过大面积的厚CCD来检测，该CCD能够测量大量影响其表面的散射的X射线。 CCD能够检测散射X射线对CCD表面的冲击位置以及影响相同单元或像素的散射X射线的数量。 然后对该数据进行实时处理，输出处理后的数据，生成晶体结构的图像。 如果这种晶体是蛋白质，蛋白质的分子结构可以从接收的数据中确定。

公开(公告)号：US5742659A

公开(公告)日：1998-04-21

申请号：US697536

申请日：1996-08-26

Applicant: Muzaffer Atac ,  Timothy A. McKay

Inventor： Muzaffer Atac ,  Timothy A. McKay

IPC: G01T1/24 ,  G01T1/29 ,  H01L27/148 ,  H04N5/32 ,  H04N5/372 ,  H05G1/44 ,  H05G1/60 ,  H05G1/64

CPC classification number: G01T1/247 ,  G01T1/2928 ,  H04N3/1525 ,  H04N3/155 ,  H04N3/1593 ,  H04N5/32 ,  H05G1/44 ,  H05G1/60

Abstract: An imaging system is provided for direct detection of x-rays from an irradiated biological tissue. The imaging system includes an energy source for emitting x-rays toward the biological tissue and a charge coupled device (CCD) located immediately adjacent the biological tissue and arranged transverse to the direction of irradiation along which the x-rays travel. The CCD directly receives and detects the x-rays after passing through the biological tissue. The CCD is divided into a matrix of cells, each of which individually stores a count of x-rays directly detected by the cell. The imaging system further includes a pattern generator electrically coupled to the CCD for reading a count from each cell. A display device is provided for displaying an image representative of the count read by the pattern generator from the cells of the CCD.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种成像系统，用于从被照射的生物组织直接检测x射线。 成像系统包括用于向生物组织发射X射线的能量源和紧邻生物组织定位的电荷耦合器件（CCD），并横向于X射线沿着该辐射方向布置。 CCD通过生物组织后直接接收和检测X射线。 CCD被分成单元格矩阵，每个单元格单独地存储由单元直接检测的x射线的计数。 成像系统还包括电耦合到CCD的图形发生器，用于从每个单元读取计数。 提供一种显示装置，用于从CCD的单元显示表示由图案生成器读取的计数的图像。

公开(公告)号：US4857740A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-15

申请号：US049058

申请日：1987-05-12

Applicant: Muzaffer Atac

Inventor： Muzaffer Atac

IPC: G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/00

CPC classification number: G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/005

Abstract: A wire chamber or proportional counter device, such as Geiger-Mueller tube or drift chamber, improved with a gas mixture providing a stable drift velocity while eliminating wire aging caused by prior art gas mixtures. The new gas mixture is comprised of equal parts argon and ethane gas and having approximately 0.25% isopropyl alcohol vapor.

Abstract translation: 电线室或比例计数器装置，例如Geiger-Mueller管或漂移室，通过提供稳定的漂移速度的气体混合物改进，同时消除由现有技术的气体混合物引起的电线老化。 新的气体混合物由等量的氩气和乙烷气体组成，并具有约0.25％的异丙醇蒸气。