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    Graft polymers of polymerizable monomers and olefin polymers
    1.
    发明授权
    Graft polymers of polymerizable monomers and olefin polymers 失效
    可聚合单体和烯烃聚合物的接枝聚合物

    公开(公告)号：US4605704A

    公开(公告)日：1986-08-12

    申请号：US541229

    申请日：1983-10-12

    申请人： David W. Eastman ,  Leigh E. Walker

    发明人： David W. Eastman ,  Leigh E. Walker

    IPC分类号： C08F291/00 ,  C08F255/02 ,  C08F255/04 ,  C08F255/06 ,  C08L51/06

    CPC分类号： C08F291/00

    摘要： Graft polymers are prepared by reacting an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer with a polymer of an olefin of 2 to about 8 carbon atoms in a process wherein the olefin polymer is substantially insoluble in the monomer but is capable of absorbing the monomer. In a preferred aspect, a vinyl halide polyolefin graft polymer is produced by reacting a solid polyolefin particle with a vinyl halide monomer in which the polyolefin is substantially insoluble, but is capable of absorbing the monomer. The solid particles can be contacted with the monomer in one step or in stages. When the stage-wise reaction is continued until the proportion of polyolefin in the polymer product is about 2 to abut 20 weight percent, the resulting product can be formed to a transparent or translucent article. When a small proportion of solid polyolefin is employed in the polymerization process, both a graft polymer and a polymer of the unsaturated monomer are simultaneously produced in the same reactor and can be readily mechanically separated into the individual products.

    摘要翻译： 在烯烃聚合物基本上不溶于单体但能够吸收单体的方法中，烯键式不饱和可聚合单体与烯烃的聚合物为2至约8个碳原子的反应制备接枝聚合物。 在优选的方面，通过使固体聚烯烃颗粒与其中聚烯烃基本上不溶的但能够吸收单体的卤乙烯单体反应来制备乙烯基卤化物聚烯烃接枝聚合物。 固体颗粒可以一步或分阶段与单体接触。 当继续进行阶段反应直到聚合物产物中的聚烯烃的比例为约2至约20重量％时，所得产物可以形成为透明或半透明的制品。 当在聚合过程中使用少量的固体聚烯烃时，接枝聚合物和不饱和单体的聚合物同时在同一反应器中生产，并且可以容易地机械分离成各个产品。

    In situ process for preparing quaternary ammonium bicarbonates and quaternary ammonium carbonates
    2.
    发明授权
    In situ process for preparing quaternary ammonium bicarbonates and quaternary ammonium carbonates 有权

    公开(公告)号：US06989459B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-01-24

    申请号：US10776368

    申请日：2004-02-10

    申请人： Leigh E. Walker

    发明人： Leigh E. Walker

    IPC分类号： C07C69/96

    CPC分类号： C07C209/20 ,  C07C211/63

    摘要： Applicant has discovered an in situ method of preparing quaternary ammonium methocarbonate salts and quaternary ammonium alkylcarbonate salts in high yield from tertiary amines, methanol, and at least one of a cyclic carbonate, an aliphatic polyester (such as a polycarbonate), or an ester (such as a carbonate ester), and their subsequent conversion to quaternary ammonium bicarbonates, quaternary ammonium carbonates or both in a one-pot reaction. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method includes reacting an amine and methanol with at least one of a cyclic carbonate and an aliphatic polyester to yield a quaternary ammonium methocarbonate. This method does not produce or require the handling of corrosive quaternary ammonium hydroxides. Another embodiment is a method of preparing quaternary ammonium alkylcarbonate salts by reacting tertiary amines, methanol, and an ester. The quaternary ammonium methocarbonate or alkylcarbonate can be converted to the corresponding bicarbonate, carbonate, or mixture thereof by methods known in the art.

    Methods for enhancing penetration of wood preservatives
    3.
    发明授权
    Methods for enhancing penetration of wood preservatives 有权
    增强木材防腐剂渗透性的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06485790B2

    公开(公告)日：2002-11-26

    申请号：US09972839

    申请日：2001-10-05

    申请人： Leigh E. Walker ,  Shilan Shen

    发明人： Leigh E. Walker ,  Shilan Shen

    IPC分类号： B05D706

    CPC分类号： B27K3/34 ,  B27K3/0285 ,  B27K3/50

    摘要： Applicants have discovered that amine oxides enhance the uniform distribution and penetration of wood preservatives into wood substrates, minimize leaching of the wood preservatives, and improve the weatherability of the wood substrate. The present invention provides a method for enhancing the uniform distribution and penetration of at least one wood preservative into a wood substrate by applying a preservative composition to the wood substrate. The preservative composition comprises a wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent, which includes an amine oxide, and the wood preservatives. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for enhancing the uniform distribution and penetration of one or more wood preservatives by applying the wood preservatives to the wood substrate and then applying the aforementioned wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent to the wood substrate. Alternatively, the wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent may be applied prior to application of the wood preservatives or both may be applied concurrently. Yet another embodiment is a preservative composition comprising a wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent and at least one wood preservative. Preferably, the composition comprises a uniform distribution and penetration enhancing effective amount of the wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent and a wood preserving effective amount of the wood preservative.

    摘要翻译： 申请人已经发现，氧化胺增强了木材防腐剂在木质基材中的均匀分布和渗透，使木材防腐剂的浸出最小化，并提高木质基材的耐候性。 本发明提供一种通过将防腐剂组合物施用于木质基材来增强至少一种木材防腐剂均匀分布和渗透到木质基材中的方法。 防腐剂组合物包括木材分布和渗透增强剂，其包括氧化胺和木材防腐剂。 本发明的另一个实施方案是通过将木材防腐剂施用到木质基材上，然后将上述木材分布和渗透增强剂施加到木质基材上来增强一种或多种木材防腐剂的均匀分布和渗透的方法。 或者，木材分布和渗透增强剂可以在施用木材防腐剂之前施用，或者两者可以同时施用。 另一个实施方案是包含木材分布和渗透增强剂和至少一种木材防腐剂的防腐剂组合物。 优选地，组合物包含均匀分布和渗透增强有效量的木材分布和渗透增强剂和木材防腐有效量的木材防腐剂。

    Quaternary ammonium carbonate compositions and preparation thereof
    4.
    发明授权
    Quaternary ammonium carbonate compositions and preparation thereof 失效
    季铵碳酸盐组合物及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US6090855A

    公开(公告)日：2000-07-18

    申请号：US635441

    申请日：1996-04-18

    申请人： Leigh E. Walker

    发明人： Leigh E. Walker

    IPC分类号： A01N33/12 ,  A01N37/02 ,  A01N37/04 ,  A01N37/06 ,  A01N37/36 ,  A01N59/00 ,  A01N59/14 ,  B27K3/34 ,  B27K3/36 ,  B27K3/38 ,  B27K3/50 ,  C07C51/41 ,  C07C209/68 ,  C07C211/62 ,  C07C211/63

    CPC分类号： C07C211/63 ,  A01N33/12 ,  A01N37/02 ,  A01N37/04 ,  A01N37/06 ,  A01N37/36 ,  A01N59/00 ,  A01N59/14 ,  C07C209/68 ,  C07C211/62 ,  C07C51/412 ,  B27K2240/70 ,  B27K3/20 ,  B27K3/34 ,  B27K3/36 ,  B27K3/50 ,  Y10T428/662

    摘要： Quaternary ammonium carbonates having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group have been synthesized.These compounds and compositions further comprising the corresponding quaternary ammonium bicarbonate ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is the same or a different C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R.sup.2 is the same or a different C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and/or the corresponding quaternary ammonium metal carbonate ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 is the same or a different C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group; R.sup.2 is the same or a different C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and M is a non-coupler metal, are prepared by reacting two reactants, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl, C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl quaternary ammonium chloride and a metal hydroxide, in a solvent comprising a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 normal alcohol. The amount of metal chloride reactant is that amount sufficient to yield the C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl, C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl quaternary ammonium hydroxide, a metal chloride, and optionally unreacted metal hydroxide. The resultant quaternary ammonium hydroxide and any unreacted metal hydroxide are then reacted with carbon dioxide to yield the quaternary ammonium carbonate and optionally metal carbonate.Also provided is a method for preserving a wood substrate. Accordingly, the substrate is treated with a metal coupler-free wood preservative system comprising a biocidal effective amount of the carbonate quats above, preferably those prepared by the method above, and a solvent.

    摘要翻译： 已经合成具有下式的季铵碳酸酯，其中R1是C1-C20烷基或芳基取代的烷基，R2是C8-C20烷基。 这些化合物和组合物还包含相应的季铵碳酸氢盐，其中R1是相同或不同的C1-C20烷基或芳基取代的烷基，R2是相同或不同的C8-C20烷基和/或相应的季铵金属 碳酸酯，其中R 1相同或不同的C 1 -C 20烷基或芳基取代的烷基; R2是相同或不同的C8-C20烷基，M是非成色金属，是通过使两种反应物，C 1 -C 20烷基或芳基取代的烷基，C 8 -C 20烷基季铵氯化物和金属氢氧化物 在包含C1-C4正常醇的溶剂中。 金属氯化物反应物的量足以产生C1-C20烷基或芳基取代的烷基，C8-C20烷基季铵氢氧化物，金属氯化物和任选的未反应的金属氢氧化物。 然后将所得的季铵氢氧化物和任何未反应的金属氢氧化物与二氧化碳反应，得到季铵碳酸盐和任选的金属碳酸盐。 还提供了一种用于保存木质基材的方法。 因此，用无金属成色剂的木材防腐剂系统处理基材，该系统包含杀生物有效量的上述碳酸酯季铵化合物，优选通过上述方法制备的那些。

    Amine oxide wood preservatives
    7.
    发明授权
    Amine oxide wood preservatives 有权

    公开(公告)号：US06572788B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-06-03

    申请号：US09864887

    申请日：2001-05-24

    申请人： Leigh E. Walker

    发明人： Leigh E. Walker

    IPC分类号： C09K300

    CPC分类号： A01N33/24 ,  A01N37/20 ,  A01N43/60 ,  A01N43/84 ,  B27K3/34 ,  B27K3/343 ,  B27K3/36

    摘要： The present inventors have discovered that amine oxides are highly effective as wood preservatives. The present invention provides a wood preservative composition comprising a biocidally effective amount of one or more amine oxides. Preferably, the wood preservative composition is substantially free of halogenated compounds (such as halides and chlorinated compounds) and quaternary ammonium compounds. The wood preservative composition of the present invention exhibits low toxicity, high stability in water, low corrosivity to metal substrates (such as steel substrates), excellent penetration and uniform distribution into wood, low odor, waterproofing properties, and high leaching resistance. The wood preservative composition may be applied to the surface of a wood substrate or be applied by pressure treating the wood substrate with the wood preservative composition. Other cellulosic and fiber materials, such as cotton, burlap, and like materials, may be preserved with the composition of the present invention. Another embodiment is a method of controlling microorganisms, such as fungal decay organisms (generally known as white rot, brown rot, and soft rot fungi) and sapstain organisms, on and/or in a wood substrate, such as fresh cut lumber, comprising applying a biocidally effective amount of the composition of the present invention to the wood substrate.

    Quaternary ammonium carbonate compositions and preparation thereof
    9.
    发明授权
    Quaternary ammonium carbonate compositions and preparation thereof 失效
    季铵碳酸盐组合物及其制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US5438034A

    公开(公告)日：1995-08-01

    申请号：US74312

    申请日：1993-06-09

    申请人： Leigh E. Walker

    发明人： Leigh E. Walker

    IPC分类号： A01N33/12 ,  A01N37/02 ,  A01N37/04 ,  A01N37/06 ,  A01N37/36 ,  A01N59/00 ,  A01N59/14 ,  B27K3/34 ,  B27K3/36 ,  B27K3/38 ,  B27K3/50 ,  C07C51/41 ,  C07C209/68 ,  C07C211/62 ,  C07C211/63

    CPC分类号： C07C211/63 ,  A01N33/12 ,  A01N37/02 ,  A01N37/04 ,  A01N37/06 ,  A01N37/36 ,  A01N59/00 ,  A01N59/14 ,  C07C209/68 ,  C07C211/62 ,  C07C51/412 ,  B27K2240/70 ,  B27K3/20 ,  B27K3/34 ,  B27K3/36 ,  B27K3/50 ,  Y10T428/662

    摘要： Quaternary ammonium carbonates having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group have been synthesized.These compounds and compositions further comprising the corresponding quaternary ammonium bicarbonate ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is the same or a different C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group and R.sup.2 is the same or a different C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and/or the corresponding quaternary ammonium metal carbonate ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 is the same or a different C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl group; R.sup.2 is the same or a different C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and M is a non-coupler metal, are prepared by reacting two reactants, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl, C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl quaternary ammonium chloride and a metal hydroxide, in a solvent comprising a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 normal alcohol. The amount of metal chloride reactant is that amount sufficient to yield the C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl-substituted alkyl, C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl quaternary ammonium hydroxide, a metal chloride, and optionally unreacted metal hydroxide. The resultant quaternary ammonium hydroxide and any unreacted metal hydroxide are then reacted with carbon dioxide to yield the quaternary ammonium carbonate and optionally metal carbonate.Also provided is a method for preserving a wood substrate. Accordingly, the substrate is treated with a metal coupler-free wood preservative system comprising a biocidal effective amount of the carbonate quats above, preferably those prepared by the method above, and a solvent.

    摘要翻译： 已经合成了具有式（VIII）的式（VIII）的季铵碳酸酯，其中R1是C1-C20烷基或芳基取代的烷基，R2是C8-C20烷基。 这些化合物和组合物还包含相应的季铵碳酸盐（IV），其中R1是相同或不同的C1-C20烷基或芳基取代的烷基，R2是相同或不同的C8-C20烷基和/ 或相应的季铵金属碳酸酯（X），其中R 1相同或不同的C 1 -C 20烷基或芳基取代的烷基; R2是相同或不同的C8-C20烷基，M是非成色金属，是通过使两种反应物，C 1 -C 20烷基或芳基取代的烷基，C 8 -C 20烷基季铵氯化物和金属氢氧化物 在包含C1-C4正常醇的溶剂中。 金属氯化物反应物的量足以产生C1-C20烷基或芳基取代的烷基，C8-C20烷基季铵氢氧化物，金属氯化物和任选的未反应的金属氢氧化物。 然后将所得的季铵氢氧化物和任何未反应的金属氢氧化物与二氧化碳反应，得到季铵碳酸盐和任选的金属碳酸盐。 还提供了一种用于保存木质基材的方法。 因此，用无金属成色剂的木材防腐剂体系处理基材，该系统包含杀生物有效量的上述碳酸季铵，优选通过上述方法制备的那些。

    Graft polymers of polymerizable monomers and olefin polymers
    10.
    发明授权
    Graft polymers of polymerizable monomers and olefin polymers 失效
    可聚合单体和烯烃聚合物的接枝聚合物

    公开(公告)号：US4806581A

    公开(公告)日：1989-02-21

    申请号：US24197

    申请日：1987-03-10

    申请人： Leigh E. Walker

    发明人： Leigh E. Walker

    IPC分类号： C08F291/00 ,  C08F255/02 ,  C08F255/04 ,  C08F255/06 ,  C08F255/08

    CPC分类号： C08F291/00

    摘要： Graft polymers are prepared by reacting an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer with a polymer of an olefin of 2 to about 8 carbon atoms in a process wherein the olefin polymer is substantially insoluble in the monomer but is capable of absorbing the monomer. In a preferred aspect, a vinyl halide polyolefin graft polymer is produced by reacting a solid polyolefin particle with a vinyl halide monomer in which the polyolefin is substantially insoluble, but is capable of absorbing the monomer. The solid particles can be contacted with the monomer in one step or in stages. When the stage-wise reaction is continued until the proportion of polyolefin in the polymer product is about 2 to about 20 weight percent, the resulting product can be formed to a transparent or translucent article. When a small proportion of solid polyolefin is employed in the polymerization process, both a graft polymer and a polymer of the unsaturated monomer are simultaneously produced in the same reactor and can be readily mechanically separated into the individual products.

    摘要翻译： 在烯烃聚合物基本上不溶于单体但能够吸收单体的方法中，烯键式不饱和可聚合单体与烯烃的聚合物为2至约8个碳原子的反应制备接枝聚合物。 在优选的方面，通过使固体聚烯烃颗粒与其中聚烯烃基本上不溶的但能够吸收单体的卤乙烯单体反应来制备乙烯基卤化物聚烯烃接枝聚合物。 固体颗粒可以一步或分阶段与单体接触。 当阶段性反应持续进行到聚合物产物中的聚烯烃的比例为约2至约20重量％时，所得产物可以形成为透明或半透明的制品。 当在聚合过程中使用少量的固体聚烯烃时，接枝聚合物和不饱和单体的聚合物同时在同一反应器中生产，并且可以容易地机械分离成各个产品。