公开(公告)号：US20160038045A1

公开(公告)日：2016-02-11

申请号：US14454562

申请日：2014-08-07

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Ian R. SHAPIRO

IPC: A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/02416 ,  A61B5/02405 ,  A61B5/0261 ,  A61B5/721

Abstract: An algorithm for removing motion artifacts from the PPG signal in the time domain to determine heart rate is disclosed. A device for determining a heart rate of a user can include a heart rate sensor configured to generate heart rate signals when positioned on or adjacent to a user's skin, an accelerometer configured to generate one or more acceleration signals, and processing circuitry configured to remove, in a time domain, motion artifacts from the heart rate signals based on the acceleration signals. In some examples, the removal of motion artifacts can also be based on mean-centered, variance-scaled integrated acceleration signals. In some examples, the processing circuitry can be configured to remove motion artifacts using a least squares algorithm to identify a best representation of acceleration and integrated acceleration signals in the heart rate signals.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于从时域中的PPG信号中去除运动伪影以确定心率的算法。 用于确定用户心率的装置可以包括心率传感器，其配置成当定位在用户皮肤上或邻近用户皮肤时产生心率信号，加速度计被配置为产生一个或多个加速度信号，以及处理电路， 在时域中，基于加速度信号的来自心率信号的运动伪影。 在一些示例中，移动伪像的去除也可以基于以平均为中心的方差标度的积分加速度信号。 在一些示例中，处理电路可以被配置为使用最小二乘法算法去除运动伪像，以识别心率信号中的加速度和积分加速度信号的最佳表示。

公开(公告)号：US20180344178A1

公开(公告)日：2018-12-06

申请号：US15991798

申请日：2018-05-29

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Siyi DENG ,  Stephen J. WAYDO ,  Jay BLAHNIK ,  Lun DONG ,  Ian R. SHAPIRO

IPC: A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B5/0205 ,  A61B5/021

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods for measuring one or more physiological signals while the user is engaged in a predetermined activity. Exemplary predetermined activities can include activities such as walking, climbing stairs, biking, and the like. The physiological measurements can include, but are not limited to, heart rate signals. The physiological measurements may be affected by the predetermined activity, so the system may be configured to employ one or more criteria prior to measuring physiological information to minimize the effects. The one or more criteria can include, but are not limited to, an inter-sampling waiting time, continuous motion criteria, predetermined activity criteria, a post-physiological measurement amount of time, and a confidence value. The continuous motion criteria can be based on the type of predetermined activity. For example, walking may have walking state criteria and a step count criteria.

公开(公告)号：US20250104861A1

公开(公告)日：2025-03-27

申请号：US18665282

申请日：2024-05-15

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Hamidreza ABBASPOURAZAD ,  Udhyakumar NALLASAMY ,  Oussama ELACHQAR ,  Saba EMRANI ,  Andrew MILLER ,  Ian R. SHAPIRO

IPC: G16H50/20 ,  G16H10/60

Abstract: The subject technology provides for large-scale training of foundation models for physiological signals from wearable electronic devices. An apparatus receives receive input data having a plurality of physiological signal information segments associated with a user. The apparatus applies one or more augmentation functions to the plurality of physiological signal information segments to generate an augmented version of the plurality of physiological signal information segments. The apparatus trains a neural network to produce a trained machine learning model by generating, via an encoder, an embedding of the augmented version having a first number of dimensions in an embedding space. The apparatus maps, via a multilayer perceptron projection, the embedding into a representation having a second number of dimensions. The apparatus determines mutual information between a pair of representations of the augmented version. The apparatus can deploy the trained machine learning model to predict a physiological state of the user.

公开(公告)号：US20170164884A1

公开(公告)日：2017-06-15

申请号：US15039392

申请日：2013-12-30

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Daniel J. CULBERT ,  Ian R. SHAPIRO

IPC: A61B5/20 ,  A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/087

Abstract: A photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal may be obtained from a pulse oximeter, which employs a light emitter and a light sensor to measure the perfusion of blood to the skin of a user, and multiple wavelengths of light may be employed. For various wavelengths, relatively long wavelengths may interrogate relatively deep blood vessels in comparison to relatively short wavelengths, which may interrogate relatively shallow blood vessels. Accordingly, for co-located emitters of different wavelengths, there may be a time delay in the pulse signal measured by each wavelength. The time delay as a function of time may vary according to the constriction and dilation of the blood vessels, which itself may vary according to the respiratory rate of a user.

公开(公告)号：US20180279956A1

公开(公告)日：2018-10-04

申请号：US15889046

申请日：2018-02-05

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Stephen J. WAYDO ,  Christopher J. BROUSE ,  Ian R. SHAPIRO ,  Joseph C. MCBRIDE ,  Michael O'REILLY ,  Myra Mary HAGGERTY

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/024 ,  G16H50/20

Abstract: This relates to methods for measuring irregularities in a signal and corresponding devices. The devices can include a PPG sensor unit configured to detect multiple occurrences of a given event in the measured signal(s) over a sampling interval. In some instances, the device can register the occurrences of the events. In some examples, the device can include one or more motion sensors configured to detect whether the device is in a low-motion state. The device may delay initiating measurements when the device is not in a low-motion state to enhance measurement accuracy. Examples of the disclosure further include resetting the sample procedure based on one or more factors such as the number of non-qualifying measurements. In some examples, the device can be configured to perform both primary and secondary measurements, where the primary measurements can include readings using a set of operating conditions different from the secondary measurements.

公开(公告)号：US20160051201A1

公开(公告)日：2016-02-25

申请号：US14466890

申请日：2014-08-22

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Ehsan MAANI ,  Daniel J. CULBERT ,  Ian R. SHAPIRO

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B5/0205

CPC classification number: A61B5/721 ,  A61B5/0205 ,  A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/02416 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61B5/725 ,  A61B5/7257 ,  A61B5/7278 ,  A61B2560/0493 ,  A61B2562/0219

Abstract: A device for determining a heart rate of a user has a PPG sensor and an accelerometer to compensate for acceleration artifacts within the PPG signal. The device transforms time domain PPG and accelerometer signals into the frequency domain using a Fourier transformation and utilizes the Fourier coefficient magnitudes as indicative of the probability of candidate heart rate values. Candidate heart rate values are determined at sampling times over a time interval and a most probable heart rate path during the time interval is determined using a reward/penalty algorithm.

Abstract translation: 用于确定用户心率的装置具有PPG传感器和加速度计以补偿PPG信号内的加速度伪影。 该设备使用傅里叶变换将时域PPG和加速度计信号变换到频域，并利用傅立叶系数幅度来表示候选心率值的概率。 在时间间隔内的采样时间确定候选心率值，并且使用奖励/惩罚算法确定在时间间隔期间最可能的心率路径。