公开(公告)号：US20100301321A1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-02

申请号：US12790371

申请日：2010-05-28

Applicant: Michael S. Freund ,  Jun Hui Zhao ,  G.M. Aminur Rahman ,  Douglas J. Thomson

Inventor： Michael S. Freund ,  Jun Hui Zhao ,  G.M. Aminur Rahman ,  Douglas J. Thomson

IPC: H01L51/05 ,  H01L51/40

CPC classification number: H01L51/0575 ,  H01L29/24 ,  H01L29/861

Abstract: Tunable diodes and methods of making.

Abstract translation: 可调谐二极管及其制作方法。

公开(公告)号：US07595023B2

公开(公告)日：2009-09-29

申请号：US11490732

申请日：2006-07-20

Applicant: Nathan S. Lewis ,  Michael S. Freund ,  Shawn S. Briglin ,  Phillip Tokumaru ,  Charles R. Martin ,  David Mitchell

Inventor： Nathan S. Lewis ,  Michael S. Freund ,  Shawn S. Briglin ,  Phillip Tokumaru ,  Charles R. Martin ,  David Mitchell

IPC: C12Q1/68

CPC classification number: G01N33/0031 ,  Y10T29/49 ,  Y10T29/49002 ,  Y10T436/11 ,  Y10T436/12

Abstract: Sensor arrays and sensor array systems for detecting analytes in fluids. Sensors configured to generate a response upon introduction of a fluid containing one or more analytes can be located on one or more surfaces relative to one or more fluid channels in an array. Fluid channels can take the form of pores or holes in a substrate material. Fluid channels can be formed between one or more substrate plates. Sensor can be fabricated with substantially optimized sensor volumes to generate a response having a substantially maximized signal to noise ratio upon introduction of a fluid containing one or more target analytes. Methods of fabricating and using such sensor arrays and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 用于检测流体中分析物的传感器阵列和传感器阵列系统。 配置成在引入含有一种或多种分析物的流体时产生响应的传感器可以相对于阵列中的一个或多个流体通道位于一个或多个表面上。 流体通道可以采取在基底材料中的孔或孔的形式。 流体通道可以在一个或多个基板之间形成。 可以以基本上优化的传感器体积制造传感器，以产生在引入含有一种或多种目标分析物的流体时具有基本上最大化的信噪比的响应。 还公开了制造和使用这种传感器阵列和系统的方法。

公开(公告)号：US07122152B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-17

申请号：US09842204

申请日：2001-04-24

Applicant: Nathan S. Lewis ,  Michael S. Freund ,  Shawn M. Briglin ,  Phil Tokumaru ,  Charles R. Martin ,  David T. Mitchell

Inventor： Nathan S. Lewis ,  Michael S. Freund ,  Shawn M. Briglin ,  Phil Tokumaru ,  Charles R. Martin ,  David T. Mitchell

IPC: C12Q1/68 ,  B01N15/06 ,  B01N33/00 ,  B01N33/48 ,  B32B5/02

CPC classification number: G01N33/0031 ,  Y10T29/49 ,  Y10T29/49002 ,  Y10T436/11 ,  Y10T436/12

Abstract: Sensor arrays and sensor array systems for detecting analytes in fluids. Sensors configured to generate a response upon introduction of a fluid containing one or more analytes can be located on one or more surfaces relative to one or more fluid channels in an array. Fluid channels can take the form of pores or holes in a substrate material. Fluid channels can be formed between one or more substrate plates. Sensor can be fabricated with substantially optimized sensor volumes to generate a response having a substantially maximized signal to noise ratio upon introduction of a fluid containing one or more target analytes. Methods of fabricating and using such sensor arrays and systems are also disclosed.

公开(公告)号：US06773926B1

公开(公告)日：2004-08-10

申请号：US09963788

申请日：2001-09-25

Applicant: Michael S. Freund ,  Nathan S. Lewis ,  Shawn M. Briglin

Inventor： Michael S. Freund ,  Nathan S. Lewis ,  Shawn M. Briglin

IPC: G01N2700

CPC classification number: G01N31/22 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  G01N27/126 ,  G01N33/84 ,  Y10T436/173845 ,  Y10T436/18 ,  Y10T436/182

Abstract: Sensors, sensor arrays and sensing methods provide for detection of a chemical analyte in a fluid. Sensors include a plurality of conductive and nonconductive regions in contact with a measuring apparatus. One or more sensors include a plurality of particles that include a metallic core. Preferably, the particles also include one or more capping ligands coupled to the metallic core. Exposure of the sensors to a fluid containing a chemical analyte causes the analyte to react with the metal core, preferably by displacing one or more of the capping ligands. The chemical analyte can be detected based on a change in electrical or optical properties of the sensors.

Abstract translation: 传感器，传感器阵列和传感方法提供检测流体中的化学分析物。 传感器包括与测量装置接触的多个导电和非导电区域。 一个或多个传感器包括多个包括金属芯的颗粒。 优选地，颗粒还包括一个或多个与金属芯连接的封端配体。 将传感器暴露于含有化学分析物的流体导致分析物与金属芯反应，优选通过置换一个或多个封端配体。 可以基于传感器的电学或光学特性的变化来检测化学分析物。

公开(公告)号：US06737504B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-18

申请号：US10208083

申请日：2002-07-29

Applicant: Michael S. Freund ,  Eiichi Shoji

Inventor： Michael S. Freund ,  Eiichi Shoji

IPC: C08G7300

CPC classification number: H01B1/128 ,  G01N21/78 ,  G01N21/80

Abstract: A method for preparing a wide range of substituted poly(aniline)s from a single precursor is described. The method uses a variety of reactions, including a boron activation/electrophilic displacement reaction resulting in ipso-substitution. The ability to tune the properties of poly(aniline) through the generation of new structures is useful in numerous fields ranging from polymer-based electronics to sensors.

Abstract translation: 描述了从单一前体制备宽范围的取代的聚（苯胺）的方法。 该方法使用各种反应，包括导致ipso替代的硼活化/亲电位移反应。 通过生成新结构来调节聚（苯胺）的性能的能力在从聚合物基电子学到传感器的众多领域中是有用的。

公开(公告)号：US5891398A

公开(公告)日：1999-04-06

申请号：US154604

申请日：1998-09-16

Applicant: Nathan S. Lewis ,  Michael S. Freund

Inventor： Nathan S. Lewis ,  Michael S. Freund

IPC: G01N27/12 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01N33/02 ,  G01N33/14 ,  G01N33/497 ,  G01N27/02

CPC classification number: G01N27/126 ,  G01N33/0031 ,  G01N33/497

Abstract: Chemical sensors for detecting analytes in fluids comprise first and second conductive elements (e.g. electrical leads) electrically coupled to and separated by a chemically sensitive resistor which provides an electrical path between the conductive elements. The resistor comprises a plurality of alternating nonconductive regions (comprising a nonconductive organic polymer) and conductive regions (comprising a conductive material) transverse to the electrical path. The resistor provides a difference in resistance between the conductive elements when contacted with a fluid comprising a chemical analyte at a first concentration, than when contacted with a fluid comprising the chemical analyte at a second different concentration. Arrays of such sensors are constructed with at least two sensors having different chemically sensitive resistors providing dissimilar such differences in resistance. Variability in chemical sensitivity from sensor to sensor is provided by qualitatively or quantitatively varying the composition of the conductive and/or nonconductive regions. An electronic nose for detecting an analyte in a fluid may be constructed by using such arrays in conjunction with an electrical measuring device electrically connected to the conductive elements of each sensor.

公开(公告)号：US5698089A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-16

申请号：US689227

申请日：1996-08-07

Applicant: Nathan S. Lewis ,  Michael S. Freund

Inventor： Nathan S. Lewis ,  Michael S. Freund

IPC: G01N27/12 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01N33/02 ,  G01N33/14 ,  G01N33/497 ,  G01N27/26

CPC classification number: G01N27/126 ,  G01N33/0031 ,  G01N33/497 ,  Y10S435/817

Abstract: Chemical sensors for detecting analytes in fluids comprise first and second conductive elements (e.g. electrical leads) electrically coupled to and separated by a chemically sensitive resistor which provides an electrical path between the conductive elements. The resistor comprises a plurality of alternating nonconductive regions (comprising a nonconductive organic polymer) and conductive regions (comprising a conductive material) transverse to the electrical path. The resistor provides a difference in resistance between the conductive elements when contacted with a fluid comprising a chemical analyte at a first concentration, than when contacted with a fluid comprising the chemical analyte at a second different concentration. Arrays of such sensors are constructed with at least two sensors having different chemically sensitive resistors providing dissimilar such differences in resistance. Variability in chemical sensitivity from sensor to sensor is provided by qualitatively or quantitatively varying the composition of the conductive and/or nonconductive regions. An electronic nose for detecting an analyte in a fluid may be constructed by using such arrays in conjunction with an electrical measuring device electrically connected to the conductive elements of each sensor.

Abstract translation: 用于检测流体中的分析物的化学传感器包括电耦合到化学敏感电阻器并由传导元件提供电路径的化学敏感电阻器分隔开的第一和第二导电元件（例如电引线）。 电阻器包括多个交替的非导电区域（包括非导电有机聚合物）和横向于电路径的导电区域（包括导电材料）。 当与包含第一浓度的化学分析物的流体接触时，电阻器在与包含化学分析物的流体以第二不同浓度接触时与导电元件之间的电阻差异。 这种传感器的阵列由具有不同化学敏感电阻器的至少两个传感器构成，提供不同的电阻差异。 通过定性地或定量地改变导电和/或非导电区域的组成来提供从传感器到传感器的化学敏感性的变化。 用于检测流体中的分析物的电子鼻可以通过使用这样的阵列结合电连接到每个传感器的导电元件的电测量装置来构造。

公开(公告)号：US20120202039A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-09

申请号：US13383397

申请日：2010-07-09

Applicant: Michael S. Freund ,  Nick Svenda ,  Bhavana A. Deore

Inventor： Michael S. Freund ,  Nick Svenda ,  Bhavana A. Deore

IPC: C08G75/06 ,  H01B1/12

CPC classification number: C08F134/04 ,  H01G11/56 ,  Y02E60/13

Abstract: Conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films are prepared upon solvent removal using an easily processable metastable solution of monomer and oxidant. This method allows the casting and spin-coating of films on conducting as well as insulating substrates with conductivities as well as optical and redox properties similar to those reported for chemically (vapor phase) and electrochemically synthesized thin films. Morphological characterization of spin coated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films suggest that they are smooth, uniform and free of pinholes on the micron scale. These films show conductivities in the range of 0.03 to 5 S/cm.

Abstract translation: 使用容易加工的单体和氧化剂的亚稳溶液在溶剂去除后制备导电聚（3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩）膜。 该方法允许在导电以及绝缘基底上的膜的铸造和旋涂，其电导率以及类似于化学（气相）和电化学合成的薄膜报道的光学和氧化还原性质。 旋涂的聚（3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩）膜的形态表征表明它们是平滑的，均匀的并且没有微米级别的针孔。 这些膜显示0.03〜5S / cm的电导率。

公开(公告)号：US07189353B2

公开(公告)日：2007-03-13

申请号：US11054055

申请日：2005-02-08

Applicant: Nathan S. Lewis ,  Michael S. Freund ,  Shawn M. Briglin

Inventor： Nathan S. Lewis ,  Michael S. Freund ,  Shawn M. Briglin

IPC: G01N7/00 ,  G01N27/00 ,  G01N21/00 ,  G01N31/00 ,  G01N33/00

CPC classification number: G01N33/0031 ,  G01N27/126 ,  Y10T436/11 ,  Y10T436/184

Abstract: Methods, systems and sensor arrays are provided implementing techniques for detecting an analyte in a fluid. The techniques include providing a sensor array including at least a first sensor and a second sensor in an arrangement having a defined fluid flow path, exposing the sensor array to a fluid including an analyte by introducing the fluid along the fluid flow path, measuring a response for the first sensor and the second sensor, and detecting the presence of the analyte in the fluid based on a spatio-temporal difference between the responses for the first and second sensors.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于检测流体中分析物的方法，系统和传感器阵列。 这些技术包括提供一种包括至少第一传感器和第二传感器的传感器阵列，该传感器阵列具有限定的流体流动路径，通过沿流体流动路径引入流体将传感器阵列暴露于包括分析物的流体，测量响应 用于第一传感器和第二传感器，并且基于第一和第二传感器的响应之间的空间 - 时间差异来检测流体中分析物的存在。

公开(公告)号：US06962675B2

公开(公告)日：2005-11-08

申请号：US10214794

申请日：2002-08-07

Applicant: Nathan S. Lewis ,  Michael S. Freund ,  Shawn M. Briglin

Inventor： Nathan S. Lewis ,  Michael S. Freund ,  Shawn M. Briglin

IPC: G01N33/00 ,  G01N7/00 ,  G01N21/00 ,  G01N27/00 ,  G01N31/00

CPC classification number: G01N33/0031 ,  G01N27/126 ,  Y10T436/11 ,  Y10T436/184

Abstract: Methods, systems and sensor arrays are provided implementing techniques for detecting an analyte in a fluid. The techniques include providing a sensor array including at least a first sensor and a second sensor in an arrangement having a defined fluid flow path, exposing the sensor array to a fluid including an analyte by introducing the fluid along the fluid flow path, measuring a response for the first sensor and the second sensor, and detecting the presence of the analyte in the fluid based on a spatio-temporal difference between the responses for the first and second sensors.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于检测流体中分析物的方法，系统和传感器阵列。 这些技术包括提供一种包括至少第一传感器和第二传感器的传感器阵列，其具有限定的流体流动路径，通过沿流体流动路径引入流体，将传感器阵列暴露于包括分析物的流体，测量响应 用于第一传感器和第二传感器，并且基于第一和第二传感器的响应之间的空间 - 时间差异来检测流体中分析物的存在。