公开(公告)号：US08203683B2

公开(公告)日：2012-06-19

申请号：US12057365

申请日：2008-03-27

申请人： Nobuhiko Oda ,  Satoshi Ishida ,  Masaaki Aota ,  Tomoyasu Hirata ,  Kazuyoshi Sakai ,  Kosuke Takasu

发明人： Nobuhiko Oda ,  Satoshi Ishida ,  Masaaki Aota ,  Tomoyasu Hirata ,  Kazuyoshi Sakai ,  Kosuke Takasu

IPC分类号： G02F1/1345 ,  G02F1/1343 ,  H01L29/04

CPC分类号： G02F1/13452 ,  G02F1/1345

摘要： An electro-optic device includes a pixel section and a terminal section through which a semiconductor circuit or a wiring board is mounted around the pixel section. The terminal section has a multilayer structure including a terminal connection wire including an uppermost layer containing titanium, a terminal interlayer made of an electroconductive material capable of being wet-etched, and a terminal transparent electroconductive film in that order from below.

摘要翻译： 电光器件包括像素部分和端子部分，半导体电路或布线板通过该部分安装在像素部分周围。 端子部分具有多层结构，该多层结构包括包含钛的最上层的端子连接线，由能够被湿蚀刻的导电材料制成的端子中间层和从下方依次的端子透明导电膜。

公开(公告)号：US07220999B2

公开(公告)日：2007-05-22

申请号：US10816227

申请日：2004-04-01

申请人： Yoshikatsu Imazeki ,  Kazuyoshi Sakai

发明人： Yoshikatsu Imazeki ,  Kazuyoshi Sakai

IPC分类号： H01L29/207

CPC分类号： G02F1/13394 ,  G02F1/13452 ,  G09G3/3611

摘要： An electro-optical device is provided that includes a protection layer formed on a first substrate leaving a region of the first substrate region exposed; a first electrode formed on the protection layer; a first inter-substrate conduction unit formed on the protection layer and electrically connected to the first electrode; a second substrate opposing the first substrate and having a second electrode formed thereon; a second inter-substrate conduction unit formed on the second substrate and electrically connected to the second electrode; and a conductive member interposed between the first inter-substrate conduction unit and the second inter-substrate conduction unit to electrically connect both units together. The electro-optical device further includes a sealant that contains the conductive member bonding the first substrate and the second substrate together by extending over the protection layer and the exposed region where the protection layer is not formed.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种电光器件，其包括形成在第一衬底上的保护层，留下第一衬底区域的暴露区域; 形成在所述保护层上的第一电极; 形成在所述保护层上并电连接到所述第一电极的第一基板间导电单元; 第二基板，与第一基板相对并具有形成在其上的第二电极; 形成在所述第二基板上并电连接到所述第二电极的第二基板间导电单元; 以及插入在所述第一基板间导通单元和所述第二基板间导电单元之间以将两个单元电连接在一起的导电构件。 电光装置还包括密封剂，其包含通过在保护层和未形成保护层的暴露区域延伸而将第一基板和第二基板接合在一起的导电部件。

公开(公告)号：US07492425B2

公开(公告)日：2009-02-17

申请号：US11493808

申请日：2006-07-27

申请人： Kazuyoshi Sakai

发明人： Kazuyoshi Sakai

IPC分类号： G02F1/1335 ,  G02F1/13

CPC分类号： G02F1/136213 ,  G02F1/133371 ,  G02F1/133555 ,  G02F2203/09

摘要： A liquid crystal device includes: a first substrate including a scanning line, a data line, a switching element, a pixel electrode and a storage capacitor associated with an intersection of the scanning line and the data line; a second substrate; and liquid crystal interposed between the substrates. A region where the pixel electrode is provided includes a reflective region and a transmissive region. An insulation layer is provided in the reflective region and the transmissive region to cover the switching element. A liquid crystal thickness adjustment layer is provided on the insulation layer in the reflective region. The pixel electrode is provided on the insulation layer in the transmissive region and on the liquid crystal thickness adjustment layer in the reflective region. Further, the storage capacitor includes an electrode disposed on the insulation layer in the reflective region and electrically connected to the pixel electrode.

摘要翻译： 一种液晶显示装置，包括：第一基板，包括扫描线，数据线，开关元件，像素电极以及与所述扫描线与所述数据线交点相关联的存储电容器; 第二基板; 和位于基板之间的液晶。 设置像素电极的区域包括反射区域和透射区域。 在反射区域和透射区域中设置绝缘层以覆盖开关元件。 液晶厚度调节层设置在反射区域的绝缘层上。 像素电极设置在透射区域的绝缘层上和反射区域中的液晶厚度调节层上。 此外，存储电容器包括设置在反射区域中的绝缘层上并电连接到像素电极的电极。

公开(公告)号：US07212272B2

公开(公告)日：2007-05-01

申请号：US10782402

申请日：2004-02-19

申请人： Kazuyoshi Sakai ,  Tadashi Watanabe

发明人： Kazuyoshi Sakai ,  Tadashi Watanabe

IPC分类号： G02F1/1345

CPC分类号： G02F1/136286 ,  G02F1/1345 ,  G02F2001/13629

摘要： An electro-optical device and an electronic apparatus are provided with reduced wiring resistance. A second wiring pattern for connecting an upper wiring connected to a mounting terminal to a first inter-substrate conducting terminal includes a base electrode. An inorganic insulating film is not attached to the sides of the base electrode. As a result, the upper wiring on each side of the base electrode and the first inter-substrate conducting terminal are electrically connected to the base electrode through the sides. The path from the mounting terminal to the first inter-substrate conducting terminal is formed in the order of upper wiring, one side of the base electrode, base electrode, the other side of the base electrode, and then the first inter-substrate conducting terminal. The second wiring pattern uses the base electrode formed of a metal film to sharply reduce wiring resistance.

摘要翻译： 电光装置和电子设备具有降低的布线电阻。 用于将连接到安装端子的上部布线连接到第一基板间导电端子的第二布线图案包括基极。 无机绝缘膜不附着在基极侧。 结果，基极和第一基板间导电端子的每一侧的上部布线通过侧面电连接到基极。 从安装端子到第一基板间导电端子的路径按照上布线，基极的一侧，基底电极，基极的另一侧的顺序形成，然后形成第一基板间导电端子 。 第二布线图案使用由金属膜形成的基极电极，以显着降低布线电阻。

公开(公告)号：US20070052890A1

公开(公告)日：2007-03-08

申请号：US11493808

申请日：2006-07-27

申请人： Kazuyoshi Sakai

发明人： Kazuyoshi Sakai

IPC分类号： G02F1/1335

CPC分类号： G02F1/136213 ,  G02F1/133371 ,  G02F1/133555 ,  G02F2203/09

摘要： A liquid crystal device includes: a first substrate including a scanning line, a data line intersecting with the scanning line, a switching element, a pixel electrode and a storage capacitor which are provided in association with an intersection of the scanning line and the data line; a second substrate opposing the first substrate; and liquid crystal interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. A region where the pixel electrode is provided includes a reflective region and a transmissive region. An insulation layer is provided in the reflective region and the transmissive region to cover the switching element. A liquid crystal thickness adjustment layer is provided on the insulation layer in the reflective region. The pixel electrode is provided on the insulation layer in the transmissive region and on the liquid crystal thickness adjustment layer in the reflective region. Further, the storage capacitor includes a first capacitance electrode which is disposed on the insulation layer in the reflective region and is electrically connected to the pixel electrode, and a second capacitance electrode opposing the first capacitance electrode with the insulation layer disposed therebetween.

摘要翻译： 液晶装置包括：与扫描线和数据线的交点相关联地设置的第一基板，包括扫描线，与扫描线交叉的数据线，开关元件，像素电极和存储电容器 ; 与所述第一基板相对的第二基板; 以及插入在第一基板和第二基板之间的液晶。 设置像素电极的区域包括反射区域和透射区域。 在反射区域和透射区域中设置绝缘层以覆盖开关元件。 液晶厚度调节层设置在反射区域的绝缘层上。 像素电极设置在透射区域的绝缘层上和反射区域中的液晶厚度调节层上。 此外，存储电容器包括：第一电容电极，其设置在反射区域中的绝缘层上并电连接到像素电极;以及第二电容电极，与第一电容电极相对，绝缘层位于它们之间。

公开(公告)号：US07142275B2

公开(公告)日：2006-11-28

申请号：US10691438

申请日：2003-10-22

申请人： Kazuyoshi Sakai

发明人： Kazuyoshi Sakai

IPC分类号： G02F1/1343

CPC分类号： G02F1/133553 ,  G02F1/13439

摘要： A liquid crystal display device is provided which includes a rear base member having a substrate on which reflecting electrodes each comprising a laminate of an underlying conductive layer composed of a conductive metal oxide such as ITO or the like, a reflective conductive layer composed of silver or a silver alloy, and a transparent conductive layer composed of a transparent conductor such as ITO or the like are formed. The transparent conductive layer is thinner than the underlying conductive layer. The thickness of the transparent conductive layer is preferably in the range of 5 nm to 30 nm.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种液晶显示装置，其包括具有基板的后基板，反射电极各自包括由诸如ITO等的导电金属氧化物构成的下导电层的叠层，由银构成的反射导电层或 形成由ITO等透明导体构成的透明导电层。 透明导电层比下面的导电层薄。 透明导电层的厚度优选在5nm〜30nm的范围内。

公开(公告)号：US06882390B2

公开(公告)日：2005-04-19

申请号：US10666954

申请日：2003-09-18

申请人： Shoji Hinata ,  Kazuyoshi Sakai ,  Kotaro Ueno

发明人： Shoji Hinata ,  Kazuyoshi Sakai ,  Kotaro Ueno

IPC分类号： G02F1/1335 ,  G02F1/1343 ,  G02F1/1345 ,  G09F9/30 ,  H01L51/50

CPC分类号： G02F1/133555 ,  G02F1/1345

摘要： In an electro-optic apparatus, a base electrically conductive film made from an ITO film, an optical reflection film made from a silver alloy film, a color filter layer, an organic insulating film serving as a flattening film, an inorganic insulating film made from a silicon oxide film or others, first driving electrodes made from an ITO film, and an alignment film are formed in that order in the first substrate. Second wiring patterns which connect mounting terminals to first inter-substrate electric-connection terminals are made from metal wiring formed together with the optical reflection film at the same time. The second wiring patterns are disconnected at an area exposed from a second substrate, and wiring formed together with first driving electrodes at the same time is formed at the area.

摘要翻译： 在电光装置中，由ITO膜制成的基底导电膜，由银合金膜制成的光反射膜，滤色器层，用作平坦化膜的有机绝缘膜，由 氧化硅膜等，由ITO膜构成的第一驱动电极和取向膜依次形成在第一基板上。 将安装端子连接到第一内部基板电连接端子的第二布线图案由与光反射膜一起形成的金属布线制成。 第二布线图案在暴露于第二基板的区域处断开，并且在该区域处形成与第一驱动电极同时形成的布线。

公开(公告)号：US4039568A

公开(公告)日：1977-08-02

申请号：US613584

申请日：1975-09-15

申请人： Kazuyoshi Sakai ,  Shigeo Kobayashi ,  Takeshi Fujita

发明人： Kazuyoshi Sakai ,  Shigeo Kobayashi ,  Takeshi Fujita

IPC分类号： C08J11/18 ,  C08L75/04

CPC分类号： C08J11/18 ,  C08J2375/04 ,  Y02W30/706

摘要： A process for decomposing a polyurethane foam comprising heating the polyurethane foam at a temperature of about 50.degree. to 180.degree. C in the presence of an alcoholate alone, an alcoholate and an alkali hydroxide; or a combination of an alcoholate, or the alcoholate and alkali hydroxide and a decomposition accelerator, where the alcoholate is produced by alcoholating a part of the hydroxyl groups of an alcohol, or a part of the hydroxyl groups of an adduct of the alcohol or amine and an alkylene oxide, with an alkali metal, and the decomposition accelerator is selected from the group consisting of amines such as straight chain aliphatic amines, branched chain aliphatic amines, alicyclic amines, heterocyclic amines, and aromatic amines; those compounds produced by cyanoethylating the above amines or by partly adding an alkylene oxide to the above amines; and amines and urea based compounds, or in the presence of the alcoholate, decomposition accelerator, and an alkali hydroxide.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the InventionThe present invention relates to a process for the decomposition of polyurethane foams. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for decomposing or dissolving rigid, semi-rigid or flexible polyurethane foams or elastomers by the use of an alcoholate alone, the alcoholate and and alkali hydroxide, or a combination of alcoholate or the alcoholate and an alkali hydroxide and a decomposition accelerator which enables one to treat the polyurethane foams or elastomers at lower temperatures as compared with conventional methods, and thus is favorably usable in the disposal and reclaimation of waste polyurethane foams and the like.2. Description of the Prior ArtRemarkable developments in the size of the polyurethane industry has caused problems such as waste disposal and a shortage of starting materials. In particular, in the case of manufacturing slab stock foams, a great deal of scrap foam is by-produced which cannot be sold as goods. This scrap foam, therefore, is bonded for re-use or is used as a filler, but it cannot be satisfactorily used for other purposes because of its poor physical properties. Thus, waste disposal is a substantial problem with such materials.As a method of disposing scrap foam of low value, a further decomposing of scrap foam to recover the starting materials has been developed. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 10634/1967 describes a method of converting a polyurethane foam into polyols and polyamines in which the isocyanate group of the polyisocyanate used in the production of the foam are converted into an amine. This reaction is carried out by heating the foam together with an amine or amines, and, after a two-phase separation occurs, the reaction products are separated by distillation or the like.In Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 21079/1968 and 5280/1973, the foam is decomposed in a decomposition solution in which an amine compound is used in combination with an alkali metal hydroxide or the like, whereby after separation, e.g., by distillation, etc., a polyether is recovered.Japanese Patent Publication No. 20069/1971 describes a decomposition method using a glycol containing about 2 to 6 carbon atoms. This method requires heating at a temperature of about 200.degree. C., and the solution obtained by the decomposition is subjected to separation and distillation processings whereupon polyol is recovered.Japanese Patent Application (OPI) 28407/1973 discloses a method of decomposing a rigid foam by heating at a temperature of about 175.degree. to 250.degree. C. in the presence of glycol containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms and 0 to 10% by weight of a dialkanol amine. The decomposed solution is used as the recovered polyol as it is.U.S. Pat. No. 3,117,940 describes a process for the obtaining of the starting materials for polyurethane from polyurethane scraps and primary amines. However, the products obtained are rich in the amino group, and are not suitable for use in foaming.In U.S. Pat. No. 3,404,103, an amine decomposition reagent is used, and a decomposed mixture of polyol and polyamine (derived from the polyisocyanate) is obtained.The prior art methods above require heating at high temperatures or special apparatus for distillation processing. Furthermore, problems occur in that the peroxides in the polyol increase and the use of starting materials containing such peroxides causes coloration and physical deterioration.It has thus been desired to provide a method for removing the above defects of the prior art.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAs a result of intensive investigations on the above problems, it has now been found that a polyurethane resin can be efficiently decomposed by heating at a temperature of about 50.degree. to 180.degree. C. in the presence of an alcoholate alone, an alcoholate and an alkali hydroxide, or a combination of an alcoholate or an alcoholate and an alkali hydroxide, wherein the alcoholate is produced by alcoholating a part of the hydroxyl groups of an alcohol, or a part of the hydroxyl groups of an adduct of the alcohol or an amine and an alkylene oxide, with an alkali metal, and the decomposition accelerator is selected from the group consisting of amines such as straight chain aliphatic amines, branched chain aliphatic amines, alicyclic amines, heteroxyclic amines and aromatic amines; those compounds produced by cyanoethylating the above amines or by partly adding an alkylene oxide to the above amines; and amides and urea based compounds.The present invention provides a method of decomposing a polyurethane foam by heating at a temperature of about 50.degree. to 180.degree. C. in the presence of the above alcoholate, with or without a decomposition accelerator, and, if desired, an alkali hydroxide.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONThe method of the present invention is usually carried out at atmospheric pressure. Since one object of this invention is to lower the decomposition temperature employed, reaction under pressure is not usually used. However, when using amines having a relatively low boiling temperature it is possible to conduct decomposition under pressure, for example at 2 - 3 atm., at a lower temperature than that employed in the conventional process.The method of the present invention is carried out by the use of an alcoholate alone, an alcoholate and an alkali hydroxide, or a combination of an alcoholate, or an alcoholate and an alkali hydroxide with a decomposition accelerator, where the alcoholate is produced by alcoholating (i) an alcohol or the alkylene oxide adduct of the alcohol or an alkylene oxide adduct of an amine having an OH equivalent of about 30 to 1,000, preferably about 35 to 500, more preferably about 60 to 300, with an alkali metal or an alkali metal hydroxide in an amount of about 0.0001 to 0.5 mole, preferably about 0.001 to 0.25 mole, more preferably about 0.01 to 0.15 mole per OH equivalent of the material being alcoholated, the decomposition accelerator being selected from the group consisting of:a. one or more straight chain aliphatic amines, branched chain aliphatic amines, alicyclic amines, heterocyclic amines or aromatic amines;b. one or more compounds produced by cyanoethylating the above amines or by the partial addition of an alkylene oxide to the above amines as later described; andc. one or more amides or urea based compounds.Suitable alcohols for use in preparing the alcoholates are monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and the like; dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol; trihydric alcohols such as glycerin and trimethylolpropane; and polyhydric alcohols such as pentaerythritol, diglycerin, sorbitol, .alpha.-methylglycoside, sugar, and the like; etc. Preferred materials are the di-, tri- or tetrahydric alcohols having 2 - 3 carbon atoms per (alcoholic) OH equivalent of alcohols, with this later value also applying to the alkylene oxide adduct of the alcohol or amine earlier described.The alkylene oxide adducts of the alcohols or amines are those compounds produced by adding ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or the like, most preferably an alkylene oxide of 2 - 4 carbon atoms, as the alkylene oxide, alone or in admixture, to the above alcohol in the form of random or block copolymers, for example ethylene oxide--propylene oxide at a 20 - 80: 80 - 20 weight ratio in the case of random copolymers or by addition--polymerizing the alkylene oxide to an aliphatic or aromatic amine in the same manner as described above e.g., in a closed vessel at 120.degree..+-.10.degree. C. without a catalyst. The random or block copolymerizations are conducted under the same conditions except that the mixture of the starting materials (ethylene oxide and plopylene oxide) is added at the beginning with a block copolymerization, while in the case of a random copolymerization, these materials are added separately.Suitable aliphatic amines are methylamine, ethylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, and the like; and suitable aromatic amines are aniline, toluene-diamine, and the like. Ethylenediamine, diethylenetridiamine, methaxylenediamine, methaphenylenediamine etc. are preferred.Preferred copolymers are those of molecular weight of 50-5,000, preferably 100-3,000, most preferred are alkylene-oxide/alcohol adducts at a 1:1-50, preferably a 1:1-10, molar ratio and alkyleneoxide/amine adducts at a 1:1-50, preferably 1:1-10, molar ratio, which have a molecular weight of 100-400.Alcoholates for use in the present invention are produced by adding potassium or sodium as the alkali metal onto the remaining OH groups of the above alcohol or alkylene oxide adduct, or by adding KOH or NaOH as the alkali hydroxide to the remaining OH groups of the above alcohol or alkylene oxide adduct and dehydrating the reaction system under reduced pressure e.g., at 3 mmHg, 130.degree. C., 1 hr. The end point of the formation of the alcoholate is determined by measuring the water content flowing into a trap by comparing the water content measured with that theoretically obtained.With regard to the ratio of the decomposition reagent to the polyurethane foam, it is possible for the decomposition reagent alcoholate per se, alcoholate + hydroxide, etc. to decomposed the polyurethane foam several times as much as 100 parts by weight of the decomposition reagent, with 1 part by weight of reagent to 1-10 parts by weight polyurethane, preferably 1:2- 5 parts by weight, most generally being used on a commercial scale.The rate of decomposition decreases as the decomposed amount increases, and it is desirable to use the alkali hydroxide in combination with the decomposition accelerator in order to prevent the viscosity of the decomposition solution from increasing.The ratio by parts by weight of the alcoholate to the alkali hydroxide is 1:0- 10,000, preferably 1:0- 1,000 and most preferably 1:3- 50. Preferred alkali hydroxides are sodium and potassium hydroxide. The amount of alkali hydroxide used in the decomposition system is generally 2 mole equivalents per 1 mole equivalent of urethane bonds and/or urea bonds.More specifically in the case of a flexible foam, semirigid foam and elastomer, the alkali hydroxide is added in an amount of about 10 to 35 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the foam, and in the case of a rigid foam, the caustic alkali is added in an amount of about 20 to 70 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the foam.The above-stated compounding ratio remains the same when a decomposition accelerator is added to the decomposition reaction system.The alkali hydroxide is usually added at the time that the decomposition rate of the polyurethane resin decreases or at the time that the addition of the resin is completed.The decomposition time will vary depending on the decomposition temperature, the amount of the resin, the kind of the resin, the size of the resin, the rate of stirring, the addition of the decomposition accelerator (whether added at the beginning of the decomposition reaction or in the course of thereof), and the like. The decomposition is carried out at a temperature of about 50.degree. to 180.degree. C., preferably about 100.degree. to 160.degree. C., and the decomposition reaction is completed by continuing the stirring for about 1 to 3 hours after the addition of the resin is completed.In the present invention, the addition of the decomposition accelerator accelerates the dissolution and decomposition of the resin. The term "acceleration of decomposition" designates the effect that carbamate is converted into carbamic acid amide with a compound containing a primary or secondary amine, and the term "acceleration of dissolution" designates a permeating effect which enlarges the contact area between the resin and the decomposition agent (so that the decomposition agent penetrates into the mass of the resin to increase or enlarge the contact area between the resin and the decomposition agent whereby the polyurethane foam swells and easily dissolves) or the effect of reducing the viscosity of the decomposed solution itself.As these additives, straight or branched chain aliphatic amines, alicyclic amines, heterocyclic amines, and aromatic amines, etc., can be used.Suitable examples of straight chain aliphatic amines are ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, tetraethylenepentaamine, monopropylamine, dipropylamine, monobutylamine, dibutylamine, octylamine, laurylamine, triethylamine, tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and the like. Of these compounds, commercially preferred amines are ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, monoethanolamine, and the like.Those amines containing an alkyl group as the side chain are isopropylamine, isobutylamine, diisobutylamine, and the like.Suitable alicyclic amines are cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, cyclopentylamine, bisaminomethyl cyclohexane, and the like.Heterocyclic amines include piperazine, aminoethylpiperazine, piperidine, morpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, hexamethylenetetraamine, triethylenediamine, 1,8-diazabiclo(5,4,0)-undecene, pyridine, picoline, imidazole, pyrazol, triazole, tetrazole, and the like.Aromatic amines are aniline, phenylenediamine, dimethylaniline, monomethylaniline, toluidine, anisidine, diphenylamine, benzidine, phenetidine, tolidine, benzylamine, xylylenediamine, tolylenediamine, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diamine, and the like.Of these amines, the aliphatic amines are commercially preferred; in particular, alkanolamines and ethyleneamines are commercially preferred since they are low in cost and excellent in permeability into the polyurethane.In addition, those compounds produced by adding partly an alkylene oxide to these amines or those compounds produced by cyanoethylating these amines can be effectively used in the present invention. Acrylonitrile can be employed in this embodiment; cyanoethylation is conducted using acrylonitrile at 20.degree.-50.degree. C. so that at least one active hydrogen atom of the amine remains free.Partial addition of the alkylene oxide to the amine is carried out in the absence of any catalyst at atmospheric pressure or at an elevated pressure. The number of moles of the alkylene oxide to be added is less by at least one than the number of moles of active hydrogen of the amine, so that a part of the active hydrogens of the amine remain, with preferably 1 - 2 moles of alkylene oxide being employed per mole of the amine. Thus, those compounds wherein at least one mole of the active hydrogen of the amine remains unreacted and each of the other active hydrogens is reacted with one mole of the alkylene oxide are used in the present invention.As the reagent of the present invention, those consisting of a single amine and a single alkylene oxide are usually employed. To further increase dissolution effects, those in which two or more kinds of amines are employed together and the number of moles of the alkylene oxide added are different can be used. For example, a combination of dimethylethanolamine and aminoethylethanolamine, etc., can be used.Examples of cyanoethylated compounds of the above amines are monocyanoethylenediamine, dicyanoethylethylenediamine, tetracyanoethylethylenediamine, monocyanoethyldiethylenetriamine, and the like.As amide bond-containing compounds, formamide, dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, dimethylacetoamide, diethylacetoamide, hexamethylphosphoryltriamide (hereinafter referred to as HMPA), and the like can be used.As urea bond-containing compounds, urea, methylurea, dimethylurea, diphenylurea, tetramethylurea, and the like can be used.Preferred materials are dimethylacetamide, tetramethylurea and hexaphosphoryltriamide.The use of (A) the alcoholate alone that is obtained by alcoholating a part of hydroxyl groups of an alcohol, or an adduct of the alcohol or amine and an alkylene oxide, with an alkali metal as described above, (B) the alcoholate and an alkali hydroxide, (C) the alcoholate of (A) in combination with a decomposition accelerator, or (D) the alcoholate of (B) in combination with a decomposition accelerator, brings about decreased decomposition temperatures by about 10.degree. - 110.degree. C. as compared with conventional decomposition methods.In the case of a rigid foam, the decomposition temperature is 190.degree. - 230.degree. C. with conventional methods, while it can be lowered to 90.degree. - 120.degree. C. with methods (A) and (B) above and 95.degree. - 140.degree. C. with methods (C) and (D) above.In the case of the flexible foams, semi-rigid foams and elastomers, the decomposition temperature is 140.degree. - 200.degree. C. On the other hand, it can be decreased to 90.degree. - 120.degree. C. with methods (A) and (B) above, and to 50.degree. - 120.degree. C. with methods of (C) and (D) above.Thus, in accordance with the present invention it is possible to effect the decomposition of a polyurethane foam at a temperature of 50.degree. - 180.degree. C., preferably 100.degree. - 160.degree. C., which is considerably lower than that attained according to the conventional methods.With respect to the compounding ratios of the alcoholate to the alkali hydroxide and of the polyurethane resin to the alkali hydroxide, respectively, the foregoing values apply.The compounding ratio of the alcoholate to the decomposition accelerator is 100 to 5:0- 95, preferably 80-10 : 20-90, and most preferably 65-15 : 35-85 (all by weight).By the use of 100 parts of the decomposition reagent, an amount of urethane foam several times as much as the amount of the decomposition reagent can be decomposed, e.g., 1-10 times by weight, preferably 2-5 times by weight.It is believed that the decomposition of the polyurethane foam in the present invention proceeds as follows:In the case of a rigid foam or elastomer, equation (1) alone occurs, and in the case of flexible or semirigid foam, equations (1) and (2) occur. ##STR1## Furthermore, with the use of decomposition accelerators, equation (3) occurs (decomposition of urethane bonding), and with the use of an alkali hydroxide, the decomposition proceeds according to the equation (4). ##STR2##In case where there is present an amine prior to the decomposition, equation (5) takes place (dissociation of urea bonding), and with an alkali hydroxide, the decomposition proceeds according to the equation (6). ##STR3##In the above equations, R, R', R", and R'" are aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon groups, R"NH.sub.2 is an aliphatic, heterocyclic, or aromatic amine, R'"--OH is the alcohol portion of the decomposition accelerator, and M is an alkali metal.A flexible foam is a foam capable of immediately recovering its original shape after applying pressure thereto, a semi-rigid foam is a foam capable of recovering its original shape with the passage lapse of time after applying pressure thereto, a rigid foam is a foam incapable of recovering its original shape after applying pressure and an elastomer is a solid containing no air bubbles therein.The various additives of the present invention, amides, cyanoethylated compounds and urea based compounds increase the permeability of the polyurethane foam and reduce in viscosity of the decomposition system, but take little part in the decomposition reaction.By way of the above reactions, the foam decomposes, whereby a brown to dark brown viscous liquid is obtained. Usual ingredients of the liquid, depending on the decomposition system used, are the starting material, alcoholate, amine compound, decomposition reagent, alkali carbonate and the like. The alcoholate and amine components can be separated by distillation this liquid, for example, at 20.degree.-200.degree. C. and 4 mmHg only amines are distilled out. Furthermore, addition-polymerization of an alkylene oxide to these decomposed components (mixture of polyether and amine) followed by purification with water-washing, activated clay or the like enables one to recover these components as starting materials for the production of polyurethane foams. For example, to the decomposate after purification thereof, an alkylene oxide can further added at 100.degree.- 140.degree. C. After removing carbonates by the use of water-washing as typical technique for separation and purification, the resulting ingredients can be re-used as the starting materials.As described above, the present invention provides providing a useful method for disposal of waste polyurethane foams.The present invention will be described in detail by reference to the following examples.PREPARATION EXAMPLESPolyurethane resins and dissolution solutions used in Examples were prepared as follows.______________________________________ (1) Preparation of Polyurethane Resin Flexible Foam (units: parts by weight) Glycerin-Propylene Oxide Adduct 100.0 (1 : 50 (molar ratio); molecular weight: 3,000) Silicone Oil (SH-190, produced by 1.0 Toray Silicone Co.) Water 4.0 Trichloromonofluoromethane (Freon-11, 5.0 produced by Du Pont Co.) Triethylenediamine 0.08 Stannous Octoate 0.35 Tolylenediisocyanate (2,4-isomer/ 50.2 2,6-isomer=80/20 by weight) Semi-rigid Foam (units: parts by weight) Glycerin-Propylene Oxide Adduct 100.0 (1 : 85 (molar ratio); molecular weight 5,000) Triethanolamine 5.0 Water 2.0 Triethylamine 1.0 Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (Milionate MR, 52.2 produced by Nippon Polyurethane Co.) Rigid Foam (units: parts by weight) Sorbitol-Propylene Oxide Adduct 100.0 (1 : 8 (molar ratio); molecular weight: 650) Silicone Oil (SH-193, produced by 1.0 Toray Silicone Co.) Triethylenediamine 0.5 Trichloromonofluoromethane (the same as above) 30.0 Diphenylmethanediisocyanate (the same as 126.0 above) Elastomer (units: parts by weight) Propylene glycol-Propylene Oxide Adduct 100.0 (1 : 16 (molar ratio); molecular weight: 1,000)-TDI-80 Prepolymer (NCO content 4%) 4,4-Methylene-bis-2-chloroaniline 11.0 ______________________________________ The thus obtained foams were ground to a size of e.g. 5 mm .times. 5 mm .times. 5 mm, and used in the following examples. For ease of decomposition, the foams are usually pulverized foams obtained by the use of a pulverizer. There is no limitation with respect to the shape of foams, however.2. Preparation of AlcoholateThose polyols shown in Table 1 were used in preparing alcoholates. Table 1 __________________________________________________________________________ Molecular Starting Material Addition Material* Weight __________________________________________________________________________A Propylene glycol 1 mol Propylene oxide 3.3 mol 250 B Glycerin 1 mol " 5.0 mol 350 C Glycerin 1 mol " 50.0 mol 3,000 D Sorbitol 1 mol " 10.2 mol 650 E Ethylenediamine 1 mol " 4.0 mol 290 F Methaxylenediamine 1 mol " 5.3 mol 366 G Propylene glycol 1 mol " 33.5 mol 2,000 H Glycerin 1 mol " 0.58 mol 92 __________________________________________________________________________ *Addition material is added to 1 mole of starting material to give rise t a product having the molecular weight shown in Table 1. Sodium hydroxide was blended with these compounds in solid form in a predetermined amount (0.05 - 1% by weight (catalytic amount)), and the compounds dehydrated at a temperature of 100 to 120.degree. C. under reduced pressure (10 mmHg) for 2 hours to produce the alcoholates thereof. The products appeared more viscous than the starting materials.3. Apparatus and ConditionsIn Examples 1 to 9, certain amounts of polyurethane foams were decomposed, and in Examples 10 to 11, the decomposition amount of the foams was increased by the simultaneous use of an alkali hydroxide.In Examples 1 to 9: Into a 500 ml, four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a thermometer were introduced 100 g of the decomposition reagents under the conditions shown in Tables 3 to 13, and then 50 g of the ground polyurethane foam added while heating to increase the temperature of the reaction system at a rate of 5.degree. C. per minute from room temperature.Atmospheric pressure was used. The results shown in Examples 1 to 9 were obtained.In Tables 3 to 11, each of the columns has the following meaning.1. Kind of polyol shown in Table 1 used in preparing the alcoholate.2. Kind of alkali used in preparing the alcoholate.3. Amount of alkali used in preparing the alcoholate and the number of moles of the alkali per OH equivalent.4. Kind of the amine used as decomposition accelerator.5. % by weight of the amine used time based on the weight of the dissolution solution (whole system).6. Temperature at the start of the decomposition.7. Temperature at which the decomposition time is measured.8. Decomposition time.9. Kind of the foam decomposed.In Examples 2 and 10 to 11: Into a 1 liter, four neck flask equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, and thermometer was introduced 100 g of the decomposition composition prepared under the conditions shown in Tables 4 and 12 to 13. The results shown in Examples 10 to 11 were obtained.In Tables 12 to 13, each of the columns has the following meaning.1 to 9: The same as above.10. Kind of hydroxide used.11. Amount of the hydroxide added.12. Total amount of polyurethane foam added.4. Preparation of Amine AdductAmine-propylene oxide adducts produced under the following conditions were used. Table 2 ______________________________________ Starting Material* Propylene Oxide State ______________________________________ (a) Ethylenediamine 1 mole Colorless Liquid (b) Ethylenediamine 2 mole White Solid (c) Ethylenediamine 3 mole Colorless Liquid (d) Isobutylamine 1 mole " (e) Ethanolamine 1 mole " (f) Laurylamine 1 mole " (g) Aniline 1 mole " (h) Butylamine 1 mole " (i) Ethylenediamine Ethylene Oxide 1 mole " (j) Ethylenediamine Butylene Oxide 1 mole " ______________________________________ *1 mole of amine used. These starting materials were reacted in the absence of a catalyst at a temperature of 110.degree. to 130.degree. C., under a pressure of 1 to 3 Kg/cm.sup.2 in an autoclave and for 1 to 5 hours.

摘要翻译： 一种用于分解聚氨酯泡沫的方法，包括在单独的醇化物，醇化物和碱金属氢氧化物的存在下，在约50-180℃的温度下加热聚氨酯泡沫; 或醇化物或醇化物和碱金属氢氧化物以及分解促进剂的组合，其中醇化物通过醇化醇的一部分羟基或醇或胺的加成物的一部分羟基而产生 和环氧烷与碱金属反应，分解促进剂选自直链脂族胺，支链脂族胺，脂环族胺，杂环胺和芳族胺等胺类; 通过氰化乙基化上述胺或通过部分地向上述胺中加入烯化氧制备的那些化合物; 和胺和脲基化合物，或在醇化物，分解促进剂和碱金属氢氧化物的存在下进行。

公开(公告)号：US20090002623A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-01

申请号：US12057365

申请日：2008-03-27

申请人： Nobuhiko ODA ,  Satoshi ISHIDA ,  Masaaki AOTA ,  Tomoyasu HIRATA ,  Kazuyoshi SAKAI ,  Kosuke TAKASU

发明人： Nobuhiko ODA ,  Satoshi ISHIDA ,  Masaaki AOTA ,  Tomoyasu HIRATA ,  Kazuyoshi SAKAI ,  Kosuke TAKASU

IPC分类号： G02F1/1343

CPC分类号： G02F1/13452 ,  G02F1/1345

摘要： An electro-optic device includes a pixel section and a terminal section through which a semiconductor circuit or a wiring board is mounted around the pixel section. The terminal section has a multilayer structure including a terminal connection wire including an uppermost layer containing titanium, a terminal interlayer made of an electroconductive material capable of being wet-etched, and a terminal transparent electroconductive film in that order from below.

摘要翻译： 电光器件包括像素部分和端子部分，半导体电路或布线板通过该部分安装在像素部分周围。 端子部分具有多层结构，该多层结构包括包含钛的最上层的端子连接线，由能够被湿蚀刻的导电材料制成的端子中间层和从下方依次的端子透明导电膜。