公开(公告)号：US08397566B2

公开(公告)日：2013-03-19

申请号：US11659505

申请日：2005-07-07

申请人： Bernhard Michalski ,  Qi Chen

发明人： Bernhard Michalski ,  Qi Chen

IPC分类号： G01F23/28 ,  H01P5/02

CPC分类号： G01S7/032 ,  G01F23/284 ,  G01S13/88 ,  H01P5/184

摘要： An apparatus for the transfer of broadband, high-frequency signals of a center wavelength (λc), including a conductor structure, which includes at least one signal path and two reference paths arranged symmetrically to the signal path. Together the conductor structure and the two reference paths form a coplanar line, with the conductor structure being arranged on two oppositely lying sides of at least one dielectric substrate layer of a predetermined thickness in such a manner that the conductor structure overlaps in predetermined coupling regions, whereby the coupling region of the conductor structure transfers the high-frequency signals by an electromagnetic coupling, wherein the thickness of the substrate layer (18) is smaller than λc/4, and wherein multiple electromagnetic couplings are arranged serially one after the other. The apparatus enables a galvanic isolation having good transfer properties in the case of frequencies greater than 6 GHz.

摘要翻译： 一种用于传输包括导体结构的中心波长（λc）的宽带高频信号的装置，其包括至少一个信号路径和对称于信号路径布置的两个参考路径。 导体结构和两个参考路径一起形成共面线，其中导体结构被布置在至少一个预定厚度的电介质基底层的两个相对的侧面上，使得导体结构在预定的耦合区域中重叠， 由此，导体结构的耦合区域通过电磁耦合传送高频信号，其中，衬底层（18）的厚度小于λc/ 4，并且其中多个电磁耦合一个接一个地串联布置。 在频率大于6GHz的情况下，该装置能够实现具有良好传输特性的电隔离。

公开(公告)号：US20090212997A1

公开(公告)日：2009-08-27

申请号：US11918855

申请日：2006-04-21

申请人： Bernhard Michalski

发明人： Bernhard Michalski

IPC分类号： G01S13/08

CPC分类号： G01S7/285 ,  G01F23/284 ,  G01S13/10 ,  G01S13/88

摘要： A method for ascertaining the distance on the basis of the travel-time of high-frequency measuring signals, wherein at least one periodic, pulsed, transmission signal having a pulse repetition frequency is transmitted and at least one reflected measuring signal is received. The transmission signal and the reflected measuring signal are transformed by means of a sampling signal produced with a sampling frequency into a time-expanded, intermediate-frequency signal having an intermediate-frequency. The time-expanded, intermediate-frequency signal is filtered by means of at least one filter and a filtered, intermediate-frequency signal is produced, wherein the intermediate-frequency is matched to a limit frequency and/or a center frequency of the filter. The matching of the filter to the intermediate-frequency of the time-expanded measuring signal results, reducing production costs.

摘要翻译： 一种用于基于高频测量信号的行进时间来确定距离的方法，其中传输具有脉冲重复频率的至少一个周期性脉冲传输信号，并且接收至少一个反射的测量信号。 发送信号和反射的测量信号通过采样频率产生的采样信号变换成具有中频的时间扩展的中频信号。 通过至少一个滤波器对时间扩展的中频信号进行滤波，并产生滤波的中频信号，其中中频与滤波器的极限频率和/或中心频率匹配。 过滤器与时间扩展测量信号的中频匹配结果，降低了生产成本。

公开(公告)号：US06640628B2

公开(公告)日：2003-11-04

申请号：US10067300

申请日：2002-02-07

申请人： Wolfram Lütke ,  Bernhard Michalski

发明人： Wolfram Lütke ,  Bernhard Michalski

IPC分类号： G01F2300

CPC分类号： G01F23/284 ,  Y10S367/908

摘要： This invention relates to a level-measuring device in which a signal generating device, a sampling device and a transmitting and/or receiving device are optimally connected to one another for various applications and signal shapes. The signal generating device generates both a radio-frequency transmit signal and a sampling control signal for sampling the radio-frequency signal. The sampling device, the signal generating device and the transmitting and/or receiving device being connected by a coupling device which comprises one of: a transformer; at least one line node; a &lgr;/4 coupler and a circulator.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种电平测量装置，其中信号发生装置，采样装置和发射和/或接收装置彼此最佳地相互连接，用于各种应用和信号形状。 信号生成装置生成射频信号的采样控制信号和射频信号。 采样装置，信号发生装置以及通过耦合装置连接的发射和/或接收装置包括：变压器; 至少一个线路节点; λ/ 4耦合器和循环器。

公开(公告)号：US06295874B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-02

申请号：US09489076

申请日：2000-01-21

申请人： Bernd Strutt ,  Bernhard Michalski

发明人： Bernd Strutt ,  Bernhard Michalski

IPC分类号： G01H500

CPC分类号： G01F23/0069 ,  G01F23/0084

摘要： An apparatus for determining a physical process variable of a medium (2) which can be used in conjunction with various sensor types, the sensors having in common that they determine a process variable by means of a delay-time method. The apparatus has a sensor (4), a sensor-specific application unit (5) and an evaluation unit (6), which is essentially independent of the sensor type used, the sensor (4) being assigned a transmitting/receiving unit (7), the transmitting unit (7a) transmitting measuring signals in the direction of the medium (2) and the receiving unit (7b) receiving the measuring signals influenced by the interaction with the medium (2), and the application unit (5) being designed in such a way that it provides measurement data, independently of the type of sensor (4) used, from which the evaluation unit (6) determines the physical process variable using a delay-time method by means of a uniform evaluation algorithm.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定可与各种传感器类型结合使用的介质（2）的物理过程变量的装置，所述传感器具有通过延迟时间方法确定过程变量的共同之处。 该设备具有传感器（4），传感器专用应用单元（5）和评估单元（6），其基本上独立于所使用的传感器类型，传感器（4）被分配有发送/接收单元（7） ），发送单元（7a）在媒体（2）和接收单元（7b）的方向上发送测量信号，接收受与媒体（2）的交互影响的测量信号，应用单元（5）为 以这样的方式设计，独立于使用的传感器（4）的类型提供测量数据，评估单元（6）通过均匀评估算法使用延迟时间方法从该传感器（4）确定物理过程变量。

公开(公告)号：US5511041A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-23

申请号：US244592

申请日：1994-06-01

申请人： Bernhard Michalski

发明人： Bernhard Michalski

IPC分类号： G01S7/524 ,  G01S7/527 ,  G01S15/10 ,  G01S15/08

CPC分类号： G01S15/107 ,  G01S7/5273

摘要： In order to set a range finding instrument operating according to the echo-sounding principle using sonic or ultrasonic pulses to an optimum transmission frequency, the transmission frequency is altered stepwise within a predetermined frequency range. During each reception spell following on the transmission of a sonic or ultrasonic pulse an amplitude-time-profile of the received signals is formed and integrated. The integration values obtained for the various transmission frequencies are stored, and an optimum transmission frequency is set to that frequency at which the maximum integrated value is obtained. In order to eliminate the effects of background noise on the determination of the optimum transmission frequency a mean noise amplitude of the received signals is determined and subtracted from the amplitude-time-profile of the received signals before integration.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP93 / 02630 Sec。 371日期1994年6月1日 102（e）1994年6月1日PCT PCT 1993年9月28日PCT公布。 出版物WO94 / 08252 日期1994年4月14日。为了将使用声波或超声波脉冲的回波探测原理操作的测距仪器设定为最佳传输频率，传输频率在预定频率范围内逐步改变。 在发送声波或超声波脉冲之后的每个接收拼写期间，形成并整合接收信号的幅度 - 时间分布。 存储针对各种传输频率获得的积分值，并且将最佳传输频率设置为获得最大积分值的频率。 为了消除背景噪声对确定最佳传输频率的影响，确定接收信号的平均噪声幅度，并从积分前的接收信号的幅度 - 时间分布中减去。

公开(公告)号：US20120056628A1

公开(公告)日：2012-03-08

申请号：US11992227

申请日：2006-09-01

申请人： Bernhard Michalski ,  Dominik Buser ,  Stefan Scherr

发明人： Bernhard Michalski ,  Dominik Buser ,  Stefan Scherr

IPC分类号： G01R27/04

CPC分类号： G01F23/284

摘要： An apparatus for ascertaining and monitoring a fill level and includes a transmitting/receiving unit and a delay circuit. The delay circuit includes at least a sampling clocking oscillator, which produces a sampling signal having a sampling frequency, a transmission clocking oscillator, which produces a pulse repetition signal having a pulse repetition frequency and a frequency converter, which produces by means of sequential sampling a difference signal. The apparatus further includes a control/evaluation unit, which determines on the basis of travel time the fill level. Provided on the control/evaluation unit is an external clocking input, which is connected via a clocking line with a first clocking output of the sampling clocking oscillator or with a second clocking output of the transmission clocking oscillator. A stabilized and cost-favorable control circuit for producing an intermediate frequency signal with a highly accurately determinable, transformation factor results.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定和监测填充水平的装置，包括发射/接收单元和延迟电路。 延迟电路至少包括采样时钟振荡器，其产生具有采样频率的采样信号，传输时钟振荡器，其产生具有脉冲重复频率的脉冲重复信号和频率转换器，其通过连续采样产生 差分信号。 该装置还包括控制/评估单元，其根据行进时间确定填充水平。 在控制/评估单元上提供的外部时钟输入通过时钟线与采样时钟振荡器的第一时钟输出或传输时钟振荡器的第二时钟输出连接。 用于产生具有高精度可确定的变换因子的中频信号的稳定和成本有利的控制电路。

公开(公告)号：US20080309547A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-18

申请号：US10583357

申请日：2004-12-14

申请人： Bernhard Michalski

发明人： Bernhard Michalski

IPC分类号： G01S13/08

CPC分类号： G01F23/284 ,  G01S13/0209 ,  G01S13/106 ,  G01S13/88

摘要： Emission values of pulse echo methods known to this point in time, especially those, which are used in industrial measurements technology for fill level measurements, frequently reach the allowable limit values. To avoid possible radio permitting of such measuring devices, the invention provides a method and a circuit for optimizing emission of broadband transmission pulses of a pulse echo method, wherein the transmission pulses are transmitted with a pre-selected pulse repetition frequency. The method and circuit of the invention provide that the polarity of a pulse is switched with each cycle of the pulse repetition frequency, depending on a random sequence, or that individual pulses are suppressed with each cycle of the pulse repetition frequency, depending on a random sequence.

摘要翻译： 在这个时间点已知的脉冲回波方法的发射值，特别是在用于填充水平测量的工业测量技术中的脉冲回波方法的发射值经常达到允许的极限值。 为了避免这种测量装置的可能的无线电允许，本发明提供了一种用于优化脉冲回波方法的宽带传输脉冲的发射的方法和电路，其中传输脉冲以预先选择的脉冲重复频率传输。 本发明的方法和电路提供了根据随机序列的脉冲重复频率的每个周期来切换脉冲的极性，或者根据随机的脉冲重复频率的每个周期抑制单个脉冲。 序列。

公开(公告)号：US20080303611A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-11

申请号：US11659505

申请日：2005-07-07

申请人： Bernhard Michalski ,  Qi Chen

发明人： Bernhard Michalski ,  Qi Chen

IPC分类号： H01P5/04

CPC分类号： G01S7/032 ,  G01F23/284 ,  G01S13/88 ,  H01P5/184

摘要： An apparatus for the transfer of broadband, high-frequency signals of a center wavelength (λc), including a conductor structure, which includes at least one signal path and two reference paths arranged symmetrically to the signal path. Together the conductor structure and the two reference paths form a coplanar line, with the conductor structure being arranged on two oppositely lying sides of at least one dielectric substrate layer of a predetermined thickness in such a manner that the conductor structure overlaps in predetermined coupling regions, whereby the coupling region of the conductor structure transfers the high-frequency signals by an electromagnetic coupling, wherein the thickness of the substrate layer (18) is smaller than λc/4, and wherein multiple electromagnetic couplings are arranged serially one after the other. The apparatus enables a galvanic isolation having good transfer properties in the case of frequencies greater than 6 GHz.

摘要翻译： 一种用于传输包括导体结构的中心波长（lambdac）的宽带高频信号的装置，其包括至少一个信号路径和对称于信号路径布置的两个参考路径。 导体结构和两个参考路径一起形成共面线，其中导体结构被布置在至少一个预定厚度的电介质基底层的两个相对的侧面上，使得导体结构在预定的耦合区域中重叠， 由此，导体结构的耦合区域通过电磁耦合传送高频信号，其中，衬底层（18）的厚度小于lambdac / 4，并且其中多个电磁耦合一个接一个地串联布置。 在频率大于6GHz的情况下，该装置能够实现具有良好传输特性的电隔离。

公开(公告)号：US5822275A

公开(公告)日：1998-10-13

申请号：US738970

申请日：1996-10-24

申请人： Bernhard Michalski

发明人： Bernhard Michalski

IPC分类号： G01F23/28 ,  G01F23/296 ,  G01S7/32 ,  G01S7/527 ,  G01S7/536 ,  G01S15/10 ,  G01S15/52 ,  G01S15/88 ,  G01S15/00 ,  G01S7/52

CPC分类号： G01S15/88 ,  G01F23/2962 ,  G01S15/526 ,  G01S7/527 ,  Y10S367/908

摘要： In distance measurement on the principle of pulse transit time in each measurement cycle in a transmitting phase a transmission pulse having a given transmission frequency is emitted and in a subsequent receiving phase the envelope of the received signals is formed to determine the transit time of the useful echo pulse. For suppressing the fixed target echoes a broken line of several segments surrounding the envelope of the fixed target echo is formed for each fixed target echo. For each segment, information as to the amplitude of the end point of the segment, as to the changing direction and slope of the segment, as well as for the first segment information as to the point in time of the start of the first segment in the measurement cycle are stored. In the course of the measurement cycle as of the point in time of the start of the first segment, for each segment, counting pulses having a repetition frequency dictated by the slope information are counted in a counting direction dictated by the direction information up to achieving a count dictated by the amplitude information. In the course of the measurement cycle each current count is used to control fixed target echo suppression.

摘要翻译： 在发射阶段的每个测量周期的脉冲传播时间的原理的距离测量中，发射具有给定传输频率的传输脉冲，并且在随后的接收阶段，形成接收信号的包络线以确定有用的传输时间 回波脉冲。 为了抑制固定目标回波，为每个固定目标回波形成围绕固定目标回波的包络线的若干段的虚线。 对于每个段，关于段的终点的幅度的信息，关于段的改变方向和斜率以及关于第一段的开始时间点的第一段信息 存储测量周期。 在第一段开始时刻的测量周期的过程中，对于每个段，由斜率信息指定的重复频率的计数脉冲在由方向信息指示的计数方向上进行计数，直到达到 由幅度信息决定的计数。 在测量周期的过程中，每个电流计数用于控制固定目标回波抑制。

公开(公告)号：US20140253367A1

公开(公告)日：2014-09-11

申请号：US14350470

申请日：2012-09-12

申请人： Bernhard Michalski

发明人： Bernhard Michalski

IPC分类号： H03D7/14 ,  G01F23/284

CPC分类号： H03D7/1458 ,  G01F23/284 ,  G01S7/032 ,  G01S13/10 ,  G01S13/88

摘要： The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for converting from a differential signal path (IFoutA-IFoutB) at the output of a mixer (18) to a signal path (Ssin gle) referenced to a reference potential (GND), wherein a controllable switch element (24a, 24b) is provided in each of the two single signal paths (IFoutA-IFoutB) of the differential signal path (IFoutA-IFoutB), wherein a first memory element (25) is connected in series with the two switch elements (24a, 24b), wherein there is provided for the two switch elements (24a, 24b), at least one control (23), which during a charging phase of the first memory element (25) connects the differential signal path (IFoutA-IFoutB) at the output of the mixer (18) with the first memory element (25) and applies the output signal on the differential output of the mixer (18) for charging the first memory element (25), and which during the discharging, respectively reverse charging, phase connects the first memory element (25) with the signal path referenced to the reference potential (GND), so that charge stored in the first memory element (25) is discharged via the signal path referenced to the reference potential (GND).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种电路装置，用于将混频器（18）的输出处的差分信号路径（IFoutA-IFoutB）转换成参考参考电位（GND）的信号路径（Ssin gle），其中可控开关元件 在所述差分信号路径（IFoutA-IFoutB）的两个单个信号路径（IFoutA-IFoutB）的每一个中设置有第一存储元件（24a，24b），其中第一存储元件（25）与两个开关元件 ，24b），其中为所述两个开关元件（24a，24b）提供至少一个控制（23），所述至少一个控制（23）在所述第一存储元件（25）的充电阶段期间将所述差分信号路径（IFoutA-IFoutB） 在具有第一存储元件（25）的混合器（18）的输出端处，并将输出信号施加到混频器（18）的差分输出端，用于对第一存储元件（25）充电，并且在放电期间，分别反向 充电，将第一存储元件（25）与信号pa相连 参考参考电位（GND），使得存储在第一存储元件（25）中的电荷通过参考电位（GND）的信号路径被放电。