摘要:
Two steel members are resistance welded using a filler therebetween in the form of either an insert or a metallized layer on the inner surface of one steel member. The steel members have respective compositions at least one of which comprises at least one alloying element having a concentration which contributes substantially to solidification cracking extensive enough to produce an unacceptable weld fracture. The filler has a composition which, during welding, melts and mixes with molten metal from the steel members, at the welding location, and dilutes the concentration there of one or more of the alloying elements which contribute substantially to solidification cracking. This reduces substantially the contribution, to solidification cracking, of each alloying element which has been so diluted. The cumulative dilution of these alloying elements is sufficient to produce an acceptable weld fracture.
摘要:
An electromagnetic dam is employed to confine a vertically disposed pool of molten metal at the open end of the space between two counter-rotating, casting rolls in a continuous strip caster. The dam comprises three magnetic flux conductors each having a pair of spaced-part surfaces adjacent to and facing in the direction of the pool of molten metal. Two such surfaces of a first flux conductor define a relatively wide air gap adjacent the top part of the molten metal pool; two such surfaces of a second flux conductor define a relatively narrow air gap adjacent the bottom part of the pool, at the nip between the casting rolls; and two pool-facing surfaces of a third magnetic flux conductor are disposed between the spaced-apart surfaces of the first flux conductor in the wide air gap. Coils, for conducting a time-varying electric current, are associated with the three magnetic flux conductors to develop, at the air gaps, horizontal magnetic fields which confine the molten metal pool at the open end of the space between the casting rolls.
摘要:
An electromagnetic confining apparatus prevents the escape of molten metal through the open end of a vertically extending gap between two horizontally extending members, such as two counter-rotating rolls of a continuous strip caster. The molten metal is located between the two members. The apparatus includes a vertically disposed coil through which flows a time-varying electric current to generate a first horizontal magnetic field adjacent the open end of the gap. A time-varying conduction current is directed through the pool of molten metal adjacent the open end of the gap, in a vertical direction opposite that of the current flow in the adjacent portion of the coil. The flow of conduction current through the molten metal pool generates a second horizontal magnetic field adjacent the open end of the gap and which augments the first horizontal magnetic field to provide a repulsive body pressure which urges the pool of molten metal inwardly away from the open end of the gap.
摘要:
A molten silicon steel is continuously strip cast to a thickness approaching the aim final thickness of magnetic core laminations that are to be punched from the resulting steel strip. The strip is temper rolled and then annealed to produce stress relief and secondary grain growth. Recrystallization is avoided during cooling following strip casting and thereafter. The steel phase and predominant crystalline texture of the steel strip at its final thickness is the same as the steel phase and predominant crystalline texture that existed initially upon solidification from the molten state. The steel phase is body centered cubic. The crystalline texture is characterized by (100) planes of the unit cubes of the crystals lying in a plane of the strip parallel to the strip surface with random orientation of the (100) planes in that plane of the strip.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a shaped article from a powdered precursor, wherein the components of the powdered precursor are subjected to a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction and are consolidated essentially simultaneously. The shaped article requires essentially no machining after manufacture.
摘要:
A non-magnetic material having a relatively high electrical resistance, such as austenitic stainless steel, is used for the material of construction of the mold utilized in a conventional continuous casting apparatus, or in a rheocasting apparatus or in a continuous strip casting apparatus.
摘要:
A hot rolled steel bar is subjected to controlled hot roll finishing and cooling conditions which, together with the composition of the steel and controlled subsequent heat treating and quenching conditions, enable the formation of a steel spring having both relatively high hardness and high toughness.
摘要:
A tundish has an entry location for receiving a molten alloy, such as steel, and bottom outlet openings for withdrawing the molten alloy. The tundish bottom comprises a sump located downstream of the inlet location and upstream of the outlet openings. Undissolved, molten alloying ingredient, denser than the molten alloy as whole, (e.g. lead or bismuth in the case of molten steel) accumulates in the sump. The sump has a floor and passageways which extend downwardly from the sump floor to a drain in the steel tundish shell underlying the sump. The passageways are permeable to undissolved, molten alloying ingredient but impermeable to the molten alloy. There are expedients for maintaining the passageways at a temperature which prevents undissolved alloying ingredient descending through the passageways from cooling to a temperature at which the undissolved alloying ingredient blocks the passageways against further passage by undissolved, molten alloying ingredient.
摘要:
A method and apparatus are employed to reduce the sulfur dioxide produced by the combustion of a sulfur-containing fuel in a combustion chamber. Part of the combustion air is introduced into the combustion chamber with and closely adjacent the fuel. Another part of the combustion air is introduced into the combustion chamber above and downstream of the fuel and relatively remote therefrom under conditions which buffer the flame front and reduce peak flame temperatures therein. Finely divided limestone particles or the like are aspirated into the combustion chamber by the air introduced above the fuel and distributed thereby throughout the gases flowing downstream through the combustion chamber wherein the limestone particles are calcined to lime particles which react with the sulfur dioxide in the combustion reaction gases to produce calcium sulfate. There is no premixing of the particles and the aspirating air before they enter the combustion chamber. Various parameters are controlled to produce the desired results.