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    Managing update attempts by a guest operating system to a host system or device
    52.
    发明授权
    Managing update attempts by a guest operating system to a host system or device 有权
    管理客户机操作系统对主机系统或设备的更新尝试

    公开(公告)号：US09349010B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-05-24

    申请号：US14671933

    申请日：2015-03-27

    Applicant: Amazon Technologies, Inc.

    Inventor： Michael David Marr ,  Pradeep Vincent ,  Matthew T. Corddry ,  James R. Hamilton

    IPC: G06F3/00 ,  G06F13/28 ,  G06F11/30 ,  G06F9/44 ,  G06F21/57 ,  G06F9/445 ,  H04L29/08

    CPC classification number: G06F21/572 ,  G06F8/65 ,  G06F11/3003 ,  G06F11/3051 ,  G06F21/57 ,  G06F21/575 ,  G06F21/577 ,  G06F2201/865 ,  G06F2201/88 ,  G06F2221/033 ,  H04L67/10

    Abstract: Attempts to update confirmation information or firmware for a hardware device can be monitored using a secure counter that is configured to monotonically adjust a current value of the secure counter for each update or update attempt. The value of the counter can be determined every time the validity of the firmware is confirmed, and this value can be stored to a secure location. At subsequent times, such as during a boot process, the actual value of the counter can be determined and compared with the expected value. If the values do not match, such that the firmware may be in an unexpected state, an action can be taken, such as to prevent access to, or isolate, the hardware until such time as the firmware can be validated or updated to an expected state.

    Abstract translation: 可以使用安全计数器监视硬件设备的更新确认信息或固件的尝试，该计数器被配置为对每次更新或更新尝试单调地调整安全计数器的当前值。 每次确认固件的有效性时，可以确定计数器的值，并将该值存储到安全位置。 在随后的时间，例如在引导过程期间，可以确定计数器的实际值并将其与预期值进行比较。 如果值不匹配，使得固件可能处于意外状态，则可以采取措施，例如防止访问或隔离硬件，直到固件可以被验证或更新为预期的时间 州。

    Token sharing mechanisms for burst-mode operations
    53.
    发明授权
    Token sharing mechanisms for burst-mode operations 有权
    用于突发模式操作的令牌共享机制

    公开(公告)号：US09218221B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-12-22

    申请号：US13926708

    申请日：2013-06-25

    Applicant: Amazon Technologies, Inc.

    Inventor： Wei Xiao ,  Miguel Mascarenhas Filipe ,  James R. Hamilton ,  Yijun Lu ,  Stefano Stefani ,  Stuart Henry Seelye Marshall ,  Bjorn Patrick Swift ,  Kiran-Kumar Muniswamy-Reddy

    IPC: G06F9/46 ,  G06F9/50

    CPC classification number: G06F9/5083 ,  G06F9/5016 ,  G06F2209/5013 ,  G06F2209/503

    Abstract: Methods and apparatus for token-sharing mechanisms for burst-mode operations are disclosed. A first and a second token bucket are respectively configured for admission control at a first and a second work target. A number of tokens to be transferred between the first bucket and the second bucket, as well as the direction of the transfer, are determined, for example based on messages exchanged between the work targets. The token transfer is initiated, and admission control decisions at the work targets are made based on the token population resulting from the transfer.

    Abstract translation: 公开了用于突发模式操作的令牌共享机制的方法和装置。 第一和第二令牌桶分别被配置用于第一和第二工作目标的准入控制。 例如，基于在工作目标之间交换的消息来确定要在第一桶和第二桶之间传送的多个令牌以及传送方向。 启动令牌传输，并且基于从传送导致的令牌群进行工作目标的准入控制决定。

    TECHNIQUES FOR CAPTURING DATA SETS
    55.
    发明申请
    TECHNIQUES FOR CAPTURING DATA SETS 有权
    捕获数据集的技术

    公开(公告)号：US20130346480A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-12-26

    申请号：US13860305

    申请日：2013-04-10

    Applicant: Amazon Technologies, Inc.

    Inventor： Tate Andrew Certain ,  Sachin Jain ,  James R. Hamilton ,  Fiorenzo Cattaneo ,  Danny Wei ,  David Nolan Sunderland

    IPC: G06F15/167

    CPC classification number: G06F15/167 ,  G06F9/52 ,  G06F17/30171 ,  H04L67/1097

    Abstract: Techniques, including systems and methods, for capturing data sets include performing a client-side two-phase commit to ensure one or more data consistency conditions. A logical volume may represent a data set that is distributed among a plurality of physical storage devices. One or more client devices are instructed to block at least acknowledgment of write operations. When the one or more client devices have blocked at least acknowledgment of write operations, one or more servers in communication with the physical storage devices are instructed to capture corresponding portions of the data set. When the servers have been instructed to capture corresponding portions of the data set, the client devices are instructed to resume at least acknowledgment of write operations.

    Abstract translation: 用于捕获数据集的技术（包括系统和方法）包括执行客户端两阶段提交以确保一个或多个数据一致性条件。 逻辑卷可以表示分布在多个物理存储设备之间的数据集。 指示一个或多个客户端设备至少阻止写入操作的确认。 当一个或多个客户端设备至少阻止写操作的确认时，指示与物理存储设备通信的一个或多个服务器捕获数据集的相应部分。 当指示服务器捕获数据集的相应部分时，指示客户端设备至少恢复写入操作的确认。

    Adaptive throttling for shared resources
    57.
    发明授权
    Adaptive throttling for shared resources 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10892998B2

    公开(公告)日：2021-01-12

    申请号：US16042277

    申请日：2018-07-23

    Applicant: Amazon Technologies, Inc.

    Inventor： Tate Andrew Certain ,  James R. Hamilton

    IPC: H04L12/911 ,  H04L12/801 ,  H04L12/24 ,  H04L12/26 ,  G06F9/00 ,  G06F9/50

    Abstract: Customers of shared resources in a multi-tenant environment can have token buckets allocated that have an associated depth and fill rate, with each token enabling the customer to obtain an amount of work from a shared resource. A resource management system can monitor one or more system or output metrics, and can adjust a global fill rate based at least in part upon values of the monitored metrics. Such an approach can provide a fair distribution of work among the customers, while ensuring that the metrics stay within acceptable ranges and there are no drastic changes in performance levels of the system. The fill rate can update dynamically with changes in the monitored parameters, such that the system can float near an equilibrium point. Commitments for specific minimum service levels also can be met.

    Power management for devices
    58.
    发明授权
    Power management for devices 有权

    公开(公告)号：US09891682B1

    公开(公告)日：2018-02-13

    申请号：US14866360

    申请日：2015-09-25

    Applicant: Amazon Technologies, Inc.

    Inventor： Michael Phillip Czamara ,  Brock Robert Gardner ,  Osvaldo P. Morales ,  Robin McCulloch ,  James R. Hamilton ,  Jerry James Hunter ,  Nigel Martin McGee

    IPC: G06F1/26 ,  G06F1/32 ,  G06F13/40

    CPC classification number: G06F1/266 ,  G06F13/4068

    Abstract: Techniques are described for managing power in a computing system using power controller(s). Power consumption information may be received from power sensors that measure power consumption of computing devices in a rack computing system, or that measure the power received or distributed by power distribution components such as power distribution units (PDUs) in the racks. A determination may be made whether the amount of power being currently consumed within a computing system exceeds a predetermined threshold. If so, control signal(s) may be sent to instruct the power controller(s) to alter characteristic(s), such as frequency, voltage, current, and so forth, of the power being supplied to one or more computing devices or other component(s). The power alteration may occur at one or more points in the power distribution system of one or more racks, such as at one or more PDUs, distribution circuits, breakers, and so forth.

    Firmware updates during limited time period
    59.
    发明授权
    Firmware updates during limited time period 有权

    公开(公告)号：US09823934B2

    公开(公告)日：2017-11-21

    申请号：US14537786

    申请日：2014-11-10

    Applicant: Amazon Technologies, Inc.

    Inventor： Michael David Marr ,  Matthew R. Corddry ,  James R. Hamilton

    IPC: G06F9/44 ,  H04L29/08 ,  G06F9/445 ,  H04L12/24 ,  H04L29/06 ,  G06F21/57

    CPC classification number: G06F9/4416 ,  G06F8/65 ,  G06F21/572 ,  H04L41/082 ,  H04L63/126 ,  H04L67/34

    Abstract: When providing a user with native access to at least a portion of device hardware, the user can be prevented from modifying firmware and other configuration information by controlling the mechanisms used to update that information. In some embodiments, an asymmetric keying approach can be used to encrypt or sign the firmware. In other cases access can be controlled by enabling firmware updates only through a channel or port that is not exposed to the customer, or by mapping only those portions of the hardware that are to be accessible to the user. In other embodiments, the user can be prevented from modifying firmware by only provisioning the user on a machine after an initial mutability period wherein firmware can be modified, such that the user never has access to a device when firmware can be updated. Combinations and variations of the above also can be used.

    Equitable distribution of excess shared-resource throughput capacity
    60.
    发明授权
    Equitable distribution of excess shared-resource throughput capacity 有权
    公平分配过剩的共享资源吞吐能力

    公开(公告)号：US09553821B2

    公开(公告)日：2017-01-24

    申请号：US13926684

    申请日：2013-06-25

    Applicant: Amazon Technologies, Inc.

    Inventor： Wei Xiao ,  Bjorn Patrick Swift ,  Kiran-Kumar Muniswamy-Reddy ,  Miguel Mascarenhas Filipe ,  Yijun Lu ,  Stuart Henry Seelye Marshall ,  Stefano Stefani ,  James R. Hamilton

    IPC: G06F15/173 ,  H04L12/911

    CPC classification number: H04L47/215 ,  H04L43/16 ,  H04L47/70 ,  H04L47/80

    Abstract: Methods and apparatus for equitable distribution of excess shared-resource throughput capacity are disclosed. A first and a second work target are configured to access a shared resource to implement accepted work requests. Admission control is managed at the work targets using respective token buckets. A first metric indicative of the work request arrival rates at the work targets during a time interval, and a second metric associated with the provisioned capacities of the work targets are determined. A number of tokens determined based on a throughput limit of the shared resource is distributed among the work targets to be used for admission control during a subsequent time interval. The number of tokens distributed to each work target is based on the first metric and/or the second metric.

    Abstract translation: 披露了公平分配超额共享资源吞吐能力的方法和手段。 第一个和第二个工作目标被配置为访问共享资源以实现接受的工作请求。 使用相应令牌桶在工作目标上管理入学控制。 确定在时间间隔内指示工作目标的工作请求到达率的第一指标，以及与工作目标的提供能力相关联的第二度量。 基于共享资源的吞吐量限制确定的多个令牌被分配在在随后的时间间隔期间用于准入控制的工作目标之间。 分配给每个工作目标的令牌数量基于第一度量和/或第二度量。

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