公开(公告)号：US5774520A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-30

申请号：US604945

申请日：1996-05-13

申请人： Herbert Howard Bolotin

发明人： Herbert Howard Bolotin

IPC分类号： G01B15/02 ,  G01N23/02 ,  G01N23/06

CPC分类号： G01B15/025

摘要： A densitometer for determining the density distribution and variation of density of an object such as in vivo bone using a source of annihilation radiation or a source of photons in the energy range between about 200-keV and 1500-keV and a pair of photon detectors for detecting photons emitted in coincidence. The object is positioned between the photon source and one of the detectors, referred to as the "blocked" detector, and the density is determined by comparing the number of coincident photons detected by the blocked and unblocked detectors along the path of photons.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US94 / 09862 Sec。 371日期：1996年5月13日 102（e）日期1996年5月13日PCT提交1994年9月1日PCT公布。 出版物WO95 / 06874 日期1995年3月9日一种用于使用湮灭辐射源或在约200keV至1500keV之间的能量范围内的光子源来确定物体（例如体内骨骼）的密度分布和密度变化的密度计， 一对光子检测器，用于检测符合发射的光子。 该物体位于光子源和其中一个检测器之间，称为“阻挡”检测器，并且密度通过比较沿着光子路径的阻塞和未阻塞检测器检测到的重合光子的数量来确定密度。

公开(公告)号：US5524132A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-04

申请号：US439737

申请日：1995-05-12

申请人： Nandakumar N. Ranadive

发明人： Nandakumar N. Ranadive

IPC分类号： G01B15/02 ,  G01T1/29 ,  G01B15/06

CPC分类号： G01B15/025 ,  G01T1/2012

摘要： A process and apparatus for revealing manufacturing defects in testpieces, such as printed circuit boards, by passing through high-intensity attenuated x-rays (above 150 Kilo-Volts) to reusable photo plates for revealing defects in the testpieces. The x-rays are angled from 35 to 50 degrees for generating images of defects within thick multilayered printed circuit boards. During exposure, a thin lead sheet is placed between the testpiece and a phosphor photographic plate on a side of the testpeice opposite the x-ray gun. The lead sheet uniformly attenuates the high-energy x-rays to the captured image before they reach the phosphor plate to avoid damage to the photographic reuse of the plate and prevent over-exposure without loss of image contrast in the phosphor photograph. The exposed phosphor plate is excited with a low energy monochromatic radiation to visually activate the latent x-ray image in the exposed plate. The activated image is received by an analog-to-digital converter which digitizes the image into digital signals that are formed into a data file. The data file of the digitized image is stored in a digital computer for display on a computer display device. Then, the image is erased by an ultra-violet lamp, and the phosphor plate is reused for later photographs of other boards. The data file provides a permanent way to maintain the visual quality of the x-ray captured image which would otherwise rapidly deteriorate.

摘要翻译： 用于通过将高强度衰减的X射线（大于150千伏特）穿过可再利用的照相板来显示试件中的缺陷的用于揭示诸如印刷电路板的试样中的制造缺陷的方法和装置。 x射线从35度到50度成角度，用于在厚的多层印刷电路板内产生缺陷图像。 在曝光期间，将薄的引线片放置在与X射线枪相对的睾丸侧面的试件和​​荧光体照相板之间。 引线片在到达荧光板之前将高能X射线均匀地衰减到捕获的图像，以避免损坏印版的照相重复使用，并防止过度曝光而不损失荧光体照片中的图像对比度。 暴露的荧光体板被低能量单色辐射激发，以目视激活暴露​​板中的潜在X射线图像。 激活的图像由模数转换器接收，该数字转换器将图像数字化为形成数据文件的数字信号。 数字化图像的数据文件存储在数字计算机中以在计算机显示装置上显示。 然后，通过紫外灯擦除图像，并将磷光体板再次用于其它板的后续照片。 数据文件提供了维持X射线捕获图像的视觉质量的永久方式，否则会迅速恶化。

公开(公告)号：US5345478A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-06

申请号：US5067

申请日：1993-01-15

申请人： Daniel Maire ,  Georges Moreau ,  Jacques Archer

发明人： Daniel Maire ,  Georges Moreau ,  Jacques Archer

IPC分类号： G01T1/164 ,  G01B15/02 ,  G01N23/18 ,  G21C17/003 ,  G21C17/00

CPC分类号： G01B15/025 ,  G01N23/18 ,  G21C17/003

摘要： The tank contains a liquid in which a radioactive element emitting gamma radiation is distributed substantially uniformly. A photon detector (15) is disposed in the vicinity of the external surface of a measurement, zone of the wall (12), a count is made of the photons emitted by the radioactive element distributed in the liquid (7), through the measurement zone of the wall (12), a number of photons determined by counting is compared with a reference number emitted by the radioactive element through a reference zone of the wall (12) and it is deduced therefrom whether or not a defect (8) is present in the measurement zone of the wall (12). The measurement device comprises a photon detector (15) disposed at one end of a collimator (16) made of heavy metal traversed by channels or windows (17).

摘要翻译： 容器中含有发射γ射线的放射性元素基本上均匀分布的液体。 光子检测器（15）设置在壁（12）的测量区域的外表面附近，由分布在液体（7）中的放射性元素发射的光子计数，通过测量 通过计数确定的多个光子与由放射性元素通过壁（12）的参考区发射的参考数字进行比较，并从其中推导出缺陷（8）是否为 存在于墙壁（12）的测量区域中。 测量装置包括设置在由通道或窗口（17）穿过的重金属制成的准直器（16）一端的光子检测器（15）。

公开(公告)号：US5202909A

公开(公告)日：1993-04-13

申请号：US752057

申请日：1991-08-29

申请人： Pierre Gauje

发明人： Pierre Gauje

IPC分类号： G01B15/02 ,  G01B15/04

CPC分类号： G01B15/025 ,  G01B15/045

摘要： The invention has an X-ray emitting tube and a linear detector on opposite sides of a plane containing a strip to be measured and an electronic acquisition, measuring and control unit. A mask transversely moveable relative to the strip occludes radiation from the X-ray emitting tube which is not intercepted by the strip or which passes through the edge region of the strip. This device offers an improved degree of precision measurement near the edge of the strip.

摘要翻译： 本发明在包含要测量的条带的平面的相对侧和电子采集，测量和控制单元上具有X射线发射管和线性检测器。 可以相对于条横向移动的掩模遮挡来自X射线发射管的辐射，该X射线发射管未被条挡住或穿过条的边缘区域。 该装置在带边缘附近提供了更高的精度测量。

公开(公告)号：US5021666A

公开(公告)日：1991-06-04

申请号：US407417

申请日：1989-09-14

申请人： Eric J. Reber

发明人： Eric J. Reber

IPC分类号： G01B15/02 ,  G01N23/16 ,  G01Q90/00

CPC分类号： G01B15/025 ,  G01N23/16

摘要： A pass-line independent measuring device for producing thickness related measurements (e.g., thickness, basis weight, density, etc.) of a moving web. The thickness measurements themselves are based on a nuclear source and detector mounted on one or both sides of the web, the source emitting radiation and the detector detecting emitted radiation from the web as an uncorrected measure of web thickness. An ultrasonic distance measuring means is fixedly associated with either the source, the detector, or both and continuously directs ultrasonic pulses in a direct path to the web, measures reflections in substantially a similar direct path, and by means of the time delay between a pulse and its reflection determines the actual pass-line of the web between the source and detector. The pass-line is used with a correcting function to correct the nuclear readings and provide a substantially accurate measure of web thickness corrected for pass-line. The very direct paths for both types of radiation and the rugged nature of the assembly assures reliable operation in industrial environments.

公开(公告)号：US4803715A

公开(公告)日：1989-02-07

申请号：US918162

申请日：1986-10-10

申请人： Boong Y. Cho

发明人： Boong Y. Cho

IPC分类号： G01B15/02 ,  G01N23/20

CPC分类号： G01N23/20083 ,  G01B15/025

摘要： An apparatus for measuring the thickness of a sheet of metal by irradiating the sheet with x-rays. The intensity of the initial x-rays, the transmitted x-rays, and the backscattered x-rays are detected and the detector signals are processed to produce a signal representing the thickness of the metal sheet.

摘要翻译： 一种用X射线照射片材来测量金属片厚度的装置。 检测初始X射线的强度，透射的X射线和反向散射的X射线，并且检测器信号被处理以产生表示金属片的厚度的信号。

公开(公告)号：US4574387A

公开(公告)日：1986-03-04

申请号：US303574

申请日：1981-09-18

申请人： Dominique Gignoux ,  Russell Murray

发明人： Dominique Gignoux ,  Russell Murray

IPC分类号： G01B15/02 ,  G01N23/06 ,  G01N23/16

CPC分类号： G01B15/025

摘要： This invention applies to thickness gauges consisting of a radiation source producing a beam aimed at a detector. Whenever a material to be gauged obstructs the radiation beam, the intensity received by the detector (detector output) varies and said variation can be translated into a thickness measurement. Standards are used for calibration. This invention provides computer means and methods that provide better measurements by using a function relating the thickness to the detector output in a large range and independently of random inaccuracies of the standards.

摘要翻译： 本发明适用于由辐射源组成的厚度计，该辐射源产生瞄准探测器的光束。 每当要测量的材料阻碍辐射束时，由检测器（检测器输出）接收的强度变化，并且所述变化可以转换成厚度测量。 标准用于校准。 本发明提供了计算机装置和方法，其通过在大范围内使用与检测器输出的厚度相关的功能并且独立于标准的随机不准确性来提供更好的测量。

公开(公告)号：US4309606A

公开(公告)日：1982-01-05

申请号：US855800

申请日：1977-11-29

申请人： Simon J. Bjorkman ,  Georg S. Jonsson ,  Per S. R. Rundquist

发明人： Simon J. Bjorkman ,  Georg S. Jonsson ,  Per S. R. Rundquist

IPC分类号： G01B15/02 ,  G01N23/06 ,  G01D18/00 ,  G01N23/00

CPC分类号： G01B15/025

摘要： The thickness of a hot metal plate is measured during rolling by determining the absorption by the plate of gamma radiation transmitted through the plate, the gamma radiation having at least one characteristic energy. A measurement value of the intensity of the radiation after passage of the plate is provided by digitally counting pulses generated by a radiation detector. Essentially only pulses which belong to the photopeak of said at least one characteristic energy in the pulse spectrum obtained from the detector are counted. The counted number of pulses is corrected for dead time losses by using a live time counter.Corrected mass absorption coefficients corresponding to partial thickness ranges within the total thickness range are calculated from the measured intensity of radiation passed through calibrating plates of differing thicknesses.

摘要翻译： 热轧金属板的厚度在轧制过程中通过确定板吸收通过板的γ射线，伽马辐射具有至少一个特征能量来测量。 通过数字计数由辐射检测器产生的脉冲来提供通过板后的辐射强度的测量值。 本质上只计算属于从检测器获得的脉冲光谱中的所述至少一个特征能量的光峰的脉冲。 通过使用实时计时器，对死时间损失的脉冲数进行校正。 从通过不同厚度的校准板的辐射的测量强度计算对应于总厚度范围内的部分厚度范围的校正质量吸收系数。

公开(公告)号：US4137028A

公开(公告)日：1979-01-30

申请号：US871993

申请日：1978-01-24

申请人： Paul Reitemeyer ,  Franz J. Kupper

发明人： Paul Reitemeyer ,  Franz J. Kupper

IPC分类号： B29C48/90 ,  B29C48/92 ,  G01B15/02 ,  B29F3/04

CPC分类号： B29C47/92 ,  B29C47/0023 ,  B29C47/901 ,  B29C47/908 ,  G01B15/025 ,  B29C2947/92152 ,  B29C2947/92428 ,  B29C2947/9258 ,  B29C2947/9259 ,  B29C2947/926 ,  B29C2947/92647 ,  B29C2947/92885 ,  B29C2947/92933

摘要： An apparatus for the extrusion of tubular bodies of synthetic-resin material and especially large-diameter pipes, in which the die for forming the tube is connected to an extrusion press and includes an outer member and an inner member between which the material is forced. On the outer member there is provided a calibrating sleeve and the die carries a radioactive thickness-measuring means.

摘要翻译： 用于挤出合成树脂材料和特别是大直径管的管体的装置，其中用于形成管的模具连接到挤压机，并且包括外部构件和内部构件，材料被迫之间。 在外部构件上设置有校准套筒，并且模具携带放射性厚度测量装置。

公开(公告)号：US3955086A

公开(公告)日：1976-05-04

申请号：US574875

申请日：1975-05-06

申请人： Tatsuo Tsujii ,  Fumio Nishiwaki

发明人： Tatsuo Tsujii ,  Fumio Nishiwaki

IPC分类号： G01B15/02 ,  G01N23/06 ,  G01N23/16 ,  G01N23/00

CPC分类号： G01N23/16 ,  G01B15/025

摘要： In a radiation thickness gauge of the type wherein the thickness of a sample is determined by measuring the amount of radiations transmitting through the sample, there is provided an x-ray generator for transmitting a radiation flux through a reference sheet utilized for calibration purposes and having a thickness manifesting a radiation absorption which is equivalent to that of the sample having a nominal thickness which has been compensated for the difference in the radiation absorption characteristics of the reference sheet and the sample, a radiation detector for detecting the amount of the radiations transmitting through the reference sheet and the sample, a memory for storing the output of the detector when the reference sheet is interposed, and an operator, such as a computer. The operator functions to substitute the output of the radiation detector when the sample is interposed for a term representing the variation in the thickness of an equation determined by the content of the memory and the radiation absorption function of the reference sheet so as to produce an output signal representing the thickness of the sample.

摘要翻译： 在通过测量通过样品透射的辐射量来确定样品的厚度的类型的辐射测厚仪中，提供了一种用于将辐射通量传输通过用于校准目的的参考片材的x射线发生器，并且具有 表现出辐射吸收的厚度，其等于具有已经补偿了参考片和样品的辐射吸收特性的差异的标称厚度的样品的辐射吸收，辐射检测器，用于检测透射通过的辐射量 参考片和样本，当插入参考片时存储检测器的输出的存储器和诸如计算机的操作者。 操作者的作用是在将样品插入表示由存储器的内容物和参考片材的辐射吸收函数确定的方程的厚度变化的术语时替代辐射检测器的输出，以产生输出 表示样品厚度的信号。