摘要:
The supercharger pressure control system includes a sensor for detecting the supercharger pressure of the engine and regulates the pressure through a variable geometry device or an exhaust bypass valve. The control for the pressure regulation is carried out by comparing the sensed supercharge pressure with a target value. Any difference determined by this comparison is accumulated by a computer as an error and a basic control value is determined based on the error. Alternatively, a predetermined basic control value for the engine intake air is corrected in accordance with the error and this control value or corrected value is used to control the operation of the supercharge pressure regulator. This causes the regulator to operate in a manner responsive to variations in performance of the engine or turbocharger, thus maintaining the supercharged pressure within a permissible range of a target value.
摘要:
There is provided an information processing apparatus including a message storage unit for storing a message sent to a component, and an execution processing unit for loading the component body into a computer in response to receiving an execution instruction on the component to execute the component body and process the message stored in the message storage unit prior to the execution instruction.
摘要:
Disclosed is a process for producing an oxazoline derivative from a non-protected sugar in a simple manner. Also disclosed is a process for producing a glycoside by utilizing the product of the aforementioned process. A sugar oxazoline derivative is synthesized in one step in an aqueous solution from a sugar having a free hemiacetalic hydroxy group and an amido group by using a haloformamidinium derivative as a dehydrating agent. A glycoside compound is produced by using the oxazoline derivative as a sugar donor and also using a sugar dehydrogenase. The method can be applied to the production of a compound having a long sugar chain, and is therefore useful for the production of a physiologically active oligosaccharide, a carrier for a drug delivery system, a surfactant, a carbohydrate-based drug, a glycopeptide, a glycoprotein, a carbohydrate polymer or the like.
摘要:
To avoid the need for off-line collaboration, a primary user who is attempting to enter data required for computer-based process may, as part of the data entry process, delegate data entry tasks for specific input fields to designated delegate users who are more likely to be knowledgeable about the data to be entered. Data entry operations performed by the primary user are recorded and used to build a transaction model which will enable a server to provide required data input screens to delegate users. Data entered by the delegate users is merged with data entered by the primary user to meet the requirements of the computer-based process.
摘要:
In order to prevent, in a resin sealing step, a conductive foil 10 from locally rising because of concentration of air intervening between the conductive foil 10 and lower mold 28A due to the charged pressure, a method for manufacturing circuit devices is provided. The method for manufacturing circuit devices includes the step of forming conductive patterns 21, which form a plurality of mounting portions 15 of a circuit element 22 on a conductive foil 10, in each block 12, the step of disposing the circuit element 22 on each mounting portion 15 of the conductive pattern 21 in each block 12, the step of performing resin sealing by bringing the lower mold 28A having an air vent 30 into contact with the backface of the conductive foil 10 in each block 12 and by performing transfer molding with an insulating resin 20 while disposing each mounting portion 15 of the block 12 in the same cavity, and the step of separating each mounting portion 15 by dicing.
摘要:
A magnetic encoder includes a magnetic drum having, on the outer peripheral surface thereof, magnetized portions spaced at equal pitches; a magnetic sensor unit opposed to the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic drum; magnetic sensors are provided in the magnetic sensor unit spaced at a distance smaller than one pitch of the magnetized portions; a calculation device for calculating two sets of vectorial signals, from detection-signal output levels of the magnetic sensors generated upon rotation of the magnetic drum or the magnetic sensor unit, using the following equations (1) and (2): Aout=&Sgr;Wm=1Vm×sin &thgr;m (1); and Bout=&Sgr;Wm=1Vm×cos &thgr;m (2); wherein W designates the number of the magnetic sensors; Vm designates the detection-signal output levels of the magnetic sensors generated upon rotation of the magnetic drum or the magnetic sensor unit; Aout and Bout designates one and another set of vectorial signals.
摘要:
A multibeam optical system that employs a multiline laser source emitting a laser beam at predetermined wavelengths, such as, for example, at wavelengths 488.0 nm and 514.5 nm, and a diffractive beam-dividing element having diffractive grating to divide the incident beam into nine diffracted beams. A design wavelength &lgr;M of the diffraction grating, at which the light quantity of the incident beam is equally distributed among the plurality of diffracted beams, is determined so as to satisfy the condition 488.0 nm
摘要:
Disclosed is a multi-beam optical system that includes a laser source, a diffractive beam dividing element that divides the light beam emitted from the laser source into a plurality of light beams, a propagation optical system through which the divided light beams propagate, a polygon mirror and a scan lens. The propagation optical system includes a curved surface mirror that is arranged such that center axes of the reflected light beams are spatially separated from center axes of the incident light beams at a predetermined separation angle. The diffractive beam-dividing element Is arranged such that the center axis of the incident light beam is inclined with respect to the normal to a diffraction grating surface thereof so as to compensate bending of a beam spot line, along which the beam spots align, depending on the separation angle of the curved surface mirror.
摘要:
A viewing optical instrument has a roof prism which is provided with a pair of reflection surfaces intersecting at a nominal face angle of 90°, wherein the pupil is split by an edge line of the reflection surfaces of the roof prism. The reflection surfaces are provided with a multiple-layer coating which does not absorb visible light. A change in the phase difference produced between light incident on one of reflection surfaces located on opposite sides of an edge line of the roof prism and emitted from the other reflection surface, and light incident on the right reflection surface and emitted from the left reflection surface is restricted to reduce wavefront aberrations to thereby improve the quality of an image to be viewed. A roof prism used in the optical instrument is also disclosed.
摘要:
Disclosed is a diffractive optical element which includes a diffractive grating pattern ion a base plate. The diffractive grating pattern includes a plurality of phase gratings arranged in parallel lines extending along a predetermined direction to cause diffraction of an incident beam. Each of the plurality of phase gratings has an asymmetrical phase pattern. There is a phase gap, &Dgr;P, representing a phase difference (in radians) between an end point and a beginning point of each phase pattern. The phase gap, &Dgr;P, is substantially equal for each of the plurality of phase gratings and satisfies the relationship. 0.7&pgr;