摘要:
The invention relates to a transmission shift device (30) for a transmission (6) having one range group transmission (14) and one shift lever (16) with a superposed H-shaped shift pattern in which a shift and selector shaft (32) is operatively connected by one end (34) with the shift lever (16) and by the other end with a transmission-side shift means, one blocking device actuatable with pressure means which prevents or at least makes detectable for the driver of a motor vehicle the inadvertent activation of transmission gears in a range group change so that the shift and selector shaft (32) is autonomously displaceable from a shift gate (G5-G6) to the shift gate (G3-G4) of the next two lower gears (G3, G4).This transmission shift device is constructed for preventing undesired incorrect gearshifts in a range group change, the same as for making possible downshifts away across several gear sets so that the shift and selector shaft (32) can be displaced with a force (R1 to F2) changeable over the regulated distance to the shift gear (G3-G4) of the next lower gears.
摘要:
Transparent coatings with a thickness of at least 30 μm, a relative elastic resilience to DIN 55676 of at least 70%, and a scratch resistance corresponding to a score of not more than 2 in the steel wool scratch test to DIN 1041 after 10 double strokes; process for producing them, and their use.
摘要:
The invention realtes to a film scanner comprising a frame sensor (4) for picking up film frames, and a scanning device (13) at least for scanning a sprocket hole associated with a film frame. To determine the position of a sprocket hole, the film scanner comprises an evaluation device (25) which is provided to determine, in given areas, edge positions in a measuring frame supplied by the scanning device (13), form lines from the determined edge positions and determine the deviation of the center of the sprocket hole from a reference center.
摘要:
An electro-pneumatic switching unit for a vehicle transmission (6) comprising one splitter group transmission (12) pneumatically switched via valves (36, 38) and one range-change group transmission (14) pneumatically switched via valves (44, 46), the switchings of which are manually preselected by the vehicle driver on a gear lever (16), has one locking device (54, 56) for mechanically preventing the manual switching of inadmissible reduction ratios of the vehicle transmission (6), one device (30, 42, 64) for preventing the pneumatic switching of inadmissible reduction ratios and one electronic control device (20). The locking device (54, 56) for mechanically preventing the manual switching of inadmissible reduction ratios is pneumatically connected with one valve (44) for switching the range-change group transmission (14).
摘要:
In a method for determining the position of a spacecraft based on vector determinations, a direction vector is measured in a body-fixed coordinate system; a reference direction vector is determined within a reference coordinate system based on the path position of the spacecraft and an orbit model; the overall spin vector of the spacecraft is determined within the body-fixed coordinate system; and a reference overall spin vector of the spacecraft is determined within a reference coordinate system by time propagation of known initial values of the overall spin of the spacecraft or by time tracking of a reference model. The position of the spacecraft is determined based on the four vectors.
摘要:
A simulator for simulating the performance of an intelligent is described. The simulator includes. a module for simulating any IN-typical event sequences (traffic simulator) according to the rules of traffic theory, and a module for the event-oriented simulation of the service control point (SCP simulator) using process models, The simulator also includes. an arrangement for exchanging data between the modules; an arrangement entering and storing the network configuration, communication service specification, and other simulation parameters, and for transferring them to the correct modules; and an arrangement outputting and/or storing the simulated data. Modules are also provided for simulating the SS7 signaling system, taking into account the functionalities of service relay points SRP and overload protection mechanisms within the IN. The simulation modules communicate in a file mode using transfer files or are linked in an online mode by a shared organization program: the online simulator. Event calendars in which events to be processed by the simulation modules are entered in their processing order and enable the processes running parallel in a real situation to be converted to sequentially executed processes are central elements of the simulator in online mode. The IN simulator can determine the performance of an IN in a present and a future configuration, thereby locating weak points and increasing IN efficiency.
摘要:
Steamer for treating, dyeing, washing, etc. at least one running band of narrow fabric, tape or the like, and including at least one pair of rollers consisting of an upper deflection roller and a lower deflection roller around which the band is guided criss-cross in a figure of eight, with the rollers rotating in opposite directions.
摘要:
A triaxially stabilized earth oriented satellite is provided with an attitude control system. The attitude control system contains a controller, final control elements for generating control torques around each of three axes of a system of coordinates (principle axes x, y, z) fixed relative to the satellite. Additionally, the attitude control system comprises, as measuring transducers, exclusively a direction vector measurement device, like a magnetometer or star sensor, a sun sensor array and an earth sensor. The process of the invention makes use of the apparatus as noted above and includes the steps of:A. determining an estimate for the rotating velocity of the satellite from a direction vector measurement;B. searching for the sun, depending on the size of the field of view of the sensor, by one or two search rotations at right angles to the optical axis;C. adjusting the direction of the sun relative to the optical axis; andD. adjusting the direction vector measurement to a reference direction S.sub.r, which is selected such that the optical axis of the earth sensor sweeps over the earth during rotation around S.sub.R.
摘要:
A measurement arrangement is useful for controlling the attitude of a three-axis stabilized satellite equipped with sun-sensors for determining the orientation of the sun (sun vector) with respect to a satellite-fixed coordinate system, as well as with speed gyroscopes for detecting components of the satellite speed of rotation vector .omega.. It is necessary that the measurement range of the sun-sensors cover the round angle in a preselectable plane (for example XY plane) and perpendicularly thereto a limited angular range of maximum .+-..alpha..sub.2max on both sides of the plane. In addition, only an integrating speed gyroscope carrying out measurements in a single measurement axis that encloses with the plane an angle of at least (.pi./2)-.alpha..sub.2max should be provided. Also disclosed are an evaluation process for determining the satellite speed of rotation, as well as the satellite deviation with respect to a direction of reference, a regulating system for carrying out attitude control maneuvers using the measurement arrangement and the evaluation process, and a corresponding regulating process.
摘要:
Multi-layer plastic elements containing a polycarbonate core, with a polymethacrylate layer containing a UV absorber, and modified to be impact-resistant, applied to the core, where the polymethacrylate plastic layer is composed of methacrylate copolymers, which form compatible mixtures with polycarbonate, especially the polycarbonate of bisphenol A, exhibit good adhesion between the polycarbonate and the polymethacrylate. The methacrylate copolymers are methyl methacrylate copolymers with (meth)acrylic monomers which contain carbocyclic substituents in the ester group. The protective layer containing UV absorber is applied to the polycarbonate plastic in thickness from 1 to 500 .mu.m by coextrusion or by lacquering.