公开(公告)号：US20220158937A1

公开(公告)日：2022-05-19

申请号：US17592215

申请日：2022-02-03

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Nagendra Kumar Nainar ,  Carlos M. Pignataro ,  Zafar Ali

IPC: H04L45/50 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L43/50 ,  H04L43/10 ,  H04L45/42

Abstract: Techniques for initiator-based data-plane validation of segment routed, multiprotocol label switched (MPLS) networks are described herein. In examples, an initiating node may determine to validate data-plane connectivity associated with a network path of the MPLS network. The initiating node may store validation data in a local memory of the initiating node. In examples, the initiating node may send a probe message that includes a request for identification data associated with a terminating node. The terminating node may send a probe reply message that includes the identification data, as well as, in some examples, a code that instructs the initiating node to perform validation. In examples, the initiating node may use the validation data stored in memory to compare to the identification data received from the terminating node to validate data-plane connectivity. In some examples, the initiating node may indicate a positive or negative response after performing the validation.

公开(公告)号：US11303470B2

公开(公告)日：2022-04-12

申请号：US16777945

申请日：2020-01-31

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Ijsbrand Wijnands ,  Neale D. R. Ranns ,  Gregory J. Shepherd ,  Nagendra Kumar Nainar

IPC: H04L12/26 ,  H04L12/46 ,  H04L45/50 ,  H04L45/745

Abstract: Methods and network devices are disclosed for traversal, within a network configured for bit indexed forwarding, of a subnetwork having nodes not configured for bit indexed forwarding. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, from a next-hop upstream node configured for bit indexed forwarding, an incoming tree descriptor message comprising a tree identifier and a descriptor bit array. Bit values in the descriptor bit array identify intended destination nodes to be reached via a network tree identified by the tree identifier. The embodiment further includes replicating and modifying the incoming tree descriptor message to generate an outgoing tree descriptor message for a next-hop downstream node within the network tree. In addition, the embodiment includes sending the outgoing tree descriptor message to the next-hop downstream node and sending to the next-hop upstream node a local label allocated to the tree identifier.

公开(公告)号：US20210328915A1

公开(公告)日：2021-10-21

申请号：US16852932

申请日：2020-04-20

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Nagendra Kumar Nainar ,  Carlos M. Pignataro ,  Zafar Ali

IPC: H04L12/723 ,  H04L12/751 ,  H04L12/717 ,  H04L12/26

Abstract: Techniques for initiator-based data-plane validation of segment routed, multiprotocol label switched (MPLS) networks are described herein. In examples, an initiating node may determine to validate data-plane connectivity associated with a network path of the MPLS network. The initiating node may store validation data in a local memory of the initiating node. In examples, the initiating node may send a probe message that includes a request for identification data associated with a terminating node. The terminating node may send a probe reply message that includes the identification data, as well as, in some examples, a code that instructs the initiating node to perform validation. In examples, the initiating node may use the validation data stored in memory to compare to the identification data received from the terminating node to validate data-plane connectivity. In some examples, the initiating node may indicate a positive or negative response after performing the validation.

公开(公告)号：US11115329B1

公开(公告)日：2021-09-07

申请号：US16664582

申请日：2019-10-25

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Mankamana Prasad Mishra ,  IJsbrand Wijnands ,  Nagendra Kumar Nainar ,  Nitin Kumar

IPC: H04L12/721 ,  H04L12/741 ,  H04L12/723 ,  H04L12/761

Abstract: This disclosure describes a method usable in a network that has a combination of mLDP-capable and BIER-capable devices. The disclosed method includes advertising, by an mLDP-capable multicast source, an indication of a BIER edge router that it has determined is usable as a path between the BIER devices and the mLDP-capable multicast source. A provider edge router can include in a multicast join message both an indication of the mLDP-capable multicast source as well as the indication of the BIER router advertised as being usable as the path to the mLDP-capable multicast source. The BIER devices can communicate with each other to pass a multicast join message to the BIER edge router that is indicated as being usable as the path to the mLDP-capable multicast source.

公开(公告)号：US11050658B2

公开(公告)日：2021-06-29

申请号：US16131209

申请日：2018-09-14

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Chidambaram Arunachalam ,  Gonzalo Salgueiro ,  Nagendra Kumar Nainar

IPC: H04L12/28 ,  H04L12/707 ,  H04L12/741 ,  H04L29/06

Abstract: A system for switching from a first communication session between two endpoints to a secondary communication session when media degradation is detected is disclosed. A first endpoint is included within a first enterprise network and a second endpoint is included within a second enterprise network. The first enterprise network includes a call controller and a plurality of session border controllers (SBCs). The SBC in the first communication session detects media degradation and notifies the first endpoint of the media degradation. The first endpoint directs the call controller to establish a secondary communication session with the second endpoint when there is sufficient media degradation. The call controller directs a second SBC to establish the secondary communication session with the second endpoint. When the secondary communication session is established, the call controller directs the first endpoint to send media data using the second SBC.

公开(公告)号：US11032197B2

公开(公告)日：2021-06-08

申请号：US15266498

申请日：2016-09-15

Applicant: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Inventor： Nagendra Kumar Nainar ,  Carlos M. Pignataro ,  Peter Psenak

IPC: H04L12/741 ,  H04L12/703 ,  H04W24/06 ,  H04L29/06

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for detection of reroute occurrences in segment routing enabled networks. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving, at a first node in a communications network, a test message comprising a header, where the header comprises one or more segment identifiers. This embodiment of the method further includes detecting a first indicator of a rerouted test path for the message and sending an outgoing message to a node determined using the header, where sending the outgoing message comprises including in the outgoing message a second indicator that the test message has been rerouted. An embodiment of a system includes a network interface adapted for data communication with one or more nodes of a communications network and a processor operably coupled to the network interface and adapted to implement an embodiment of the method.

公开(公告)号：US20210152460A1

公开(公告)日：2021-05-20

申请号：US17104146

申请日：2020-11-25

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Nagendra Kumar Nainar ,  Carlos M. Pignataro ,  Joseph Michael Clarke

IPC: H04L12/751 ,  G06F11/30 ,  G06F11/34 ,  G06F11/10 ,  H04L12/755

Abstract: A network device receives a data packet including a source address and a destination address. The network device drops the data packet before it reaches the destination address and generates an error message indicating that the data packet has been dropped. The network device encapsulates the error message with a segment routing header comprising a list of segments. The first segment of the list of segments in the segment routing header identifies a remote server, and at least one additional segment is an instruction for handling the error message. The network device sends the encapsulated error message to the remote server based on the first segment of the segment routing header.

公开(公告)号：US11005756B2

公开(公告)日：2021-05-11

申请号：US16231197

申请日：2018-12-21

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Nagendra Kumar Nainar ,  Carlos M. Pignataro ,  Frank Brockners ,  Shwetha Subray Bhandari

IPC: H04L12/715 ,  H04L12/741 ,  H04L12/801 ,  H04L12/54 ,  H04L12/713 ,  H04L12/803 ,  H04L12/70

Abstract: In one embodiment, in-band operations data included in packets being processed is used to signal among entities of a virtualized packet processing apparatus. Using in-band operations data provides insight on actual entities used in processing of the packet within the virtualized packet processing apparatus. The operations data in the packet is modified to signal a detected overload condition of an entity that participates in communicating the packet within the virtualized packet processing apparatus and/or applying a network service to the packet. An In-Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) header is used in one embodiment, with the IOAM header typically including a new Overload Flag to signal the detection of the overload condition. In response to the signaled overload condition, a load balancer is adjusted such that future packets are not distributed to the virtualized entity associated with the detected overload condition.

公开(公告)号：US10979350B1

公开(公告)日：2021-04-13

申请号：US16685096

申请日：2019-11-15

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Nagendra Kumar Nainar ,  Carlos M. Pignataro ,  Pascal Thubert

IPC: H04L12/24 ,  H04L12/26 ,  H04L12/851 ,  H04L12/751 ,  H04L12/721 ,  H04L12/723 ,  H04L12/70

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method comprises: establishing a wireless DetNet track for an identified DetNet flow of DetNet packets, and the DetNet track comprising DetNet devices connected by allocated DetNet segments distinct from IP-based connections; causing, by the network device, a DetNet device(s) to execute distributed validating of any one or more DetNet operations by a DetNet forwarding hardware circuit in a DetNet device under test among the DetNet devices, the distributed validating including: generating a DetNet OAM (d-OAM) probe message comprising an ACH header specifying a DetNet validation identifier and a selected bitstring; validating the DetNet forwarding hardware circuit based on outputting the d-OAM probe message, the d-OAM probe message causing a CPU in the DetNet device(s) to selectively generate an IP-based probe response indicating whether a DetNet operation(s) was executed by the DetNet forwarding hardware circuit, independent of an execution speed of any DetNet forwarding hardware circuit.

公开(公告)号：US10972391B2

公开(公告)日：2021-04-06

申请号：US16565891

申请日：2019-09-10

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Nagendra Kumar Nainar ,  Carlos M. Pignataro

IPC: H04L12/741 ,  H04L29/06 ,  H04L29/08 ,  H04L12/721

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in a network identifies a packet to be sent to a destination in the network via a path using segment routing. The device determines a list of one or more unique identifiers for one or more of the nodes along the path. The device includes a segment routing header with the packet, the segment routing header comprising a set of segment identifiers and the list of one or more unique identifiers. The device sends the packet with the segment routing header towards the destination in the network. One or more receiving nodes that receive the packet use the set of segment identifiers to route the packet towards the destination and the list of one or more unique identifiers to notify the device when the packet was not sent to the destination via the path.