Sensing units including a radio-frequency sensor, and related systems, devices, and methods

    公开(公告)号:US11522267B2

    公开(公告)日:2022-12-06

    申请号:US17060789

    申请日:2020-10-01

    发明人: James A. Smith

    摘要: Systems, devices, and methods related to generating and/or transmitting sensor measurement data are described. A device may include a first conductive pad positioned on a first surface of a substrate. The device may also include a second conductive pad positioned on a second, opposite surface of the substrate. Further, the device may include an inductive coil coupled between the first electrical pad and the second electrical pad. Also, the device may include a third conductive pad positioned on a third surface of the substrate and configured to couple to a sensor. The device may include a fourth conductive pad positioned on a fourth surface of the substrate and configured to couple to the sensor. The device may be configured to wirelessly transmit a signal.

    Heat transfer systems for nuclear reactor cores, and related systems

    公开(公告)号:US11508488B2

    公开(公告)日:2022-11-22

    申请号:US17017534

    申请日:2020-09-10

    摘要: A system for transferring heat from a nuclear reactor comprises a nuclear reactor comprising a nuclear fuel and a reactor vessel surrounding the nuclear reactor and a heat transfer system surrounding the nuclear reactor. The heat transfer system comprises an inner wall surrounding the nuclear reactor vessel, first fins coupled to an outer surface of inner wall, an outer wall between the inner wall and a surrounding environment, and second fins coupled to an inner surface of the outer wall and extending in a volume between the outer surface of the inner wall and the inner surface of the outer wall, the outer surface of the inner wall and the first fins configured to transfer heat from the nuclear reactor core to the second fins and the inner surface of the outer wall by thermal radiation. The heat transfer system may be directly coupled to the nuclear reactor vessel, or may be coupled to an external reflector surrounding the nuclear reactor vessel. Related heat transfer systems and systems for selectively removing heat from a nuclear reactor are disclosed.

    DETERMINING LITHIUM-METAL DEPOSITION AND RELATED AGING IN BATTERIES

    公开(公告)号:US20220299575A1

    公开(公告)日:2022-09-22

    申请号:US17654931

    申请日:2022-03-15

    发明人: Kevin L. Gering

    摘要: Embodiments disclosed herein include a device including a lithium-ion battery and a battery-management system. The battery-management system may be configured to measure charge states of the lithium-ion battery over a number of charging cycles at specified conditions. The battery-management system may also be configured to obtain an expression for lithium-metal-deposition (LMD)-based capacity fade. The battery-management system may also be configured to determine an LMD state of the lithium-ion battery responsive to a comparison between the measured charge states and the expression. Related devices and systems are also disclosed herein. Additional embodiments are directed to methods, systems, and/or devices configured to generate an expression for LMD-based capacity fade.

    METHODS OF PRODUCING SUCCINIC ACID FROM A BIOMASS

    公开(公告)号:US20220275408A1

    公开(公告)日:2022-09-01

    申请号:US17652835

    申请日:2022-02-28

    IPC分类号: C12P7/46 C12N1/12

    摘要: A method of producing succinic acid from a biomass. The method comprises adding citric acid to a biomass comprising microalgae to form an acidified microalgae composition. The acidified microalgae biomass composition is stored under anaerobic conditions without inoculating the acidified microalgae composition with bacteria formulated to produce succinic acid. A coproduct comprising succinic acid is produced. Other methods of producing succinic acid from a biomass are also disclosed.

    Methods of forming densified biomass

    公开(公告)号:US11414613B2

    公开(公告)日:2022-08-16

    申请号:US14324902

    申请日:2014-07-07

    IPC分类号: C10L5/44 C10L5/36

    摘要: A method includes densifying a biomass feedstock having a moisture content of at least about 30% by weight and drying the biomass feedstock to form a densified biomass having a moisture content of less than about 10% by weight. Some methods include comminuting a biomass feedstock, pressing the biomass feedstock to form a plurality of pellets, heating the plurality of pellets to remove water therefrom, and cooling the plurality of dried pellets. The plurality of pellets exhibits a moisture content of at least about 20% by weight after pressing. The plurality of dried pellets exhibits a moisture content of less than about 10% by weight. A system for forming densified biomass may include a preheater, a press, and a dryer.