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1.发明授权Method of and apparatus for analysis of the composition of a sample by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry employing carrier suppression 失效通过使用载流子抑制的电子自旋共振（ESR）光谱法分析样品组成的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US08648596B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-11
申请号：US12906822
申请日：2010-10-18
IPC分类号： G01V3/00
CPC分类号： F01N11/00 , G01N24/08 , G01N24/10 , G01R33/345 , G01R33/60
摘要： Described is an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer comprising a miniaturized radio-frequency (RF) microwave cavity resonator. The miniaturized RF microwave cavity resonator receives a carrier signal from a circulator, modulates the signal path signal, and reflects the carrier signal back to the circulator to amplify the carrier signal prior to demodulation. A mixer receives and demodulates the carrier signal and outputs an audio signal to generate an ESR spectrum for analyzing a chemical composition of a fluid sample. The ESR spectrum represents a magnetic susceptibility of the fluid sample to a magnetic resonance cause variation in a resonant frequency of the miniaturized RF microwave cavity resonator. In a desired aspect, the carrier signal is split into two paths prior to demodulation. The two paths are demodulated by different mixers to produce two separate outputs, an absorption spectrum and a dispersion spectrum.
摘要翻译： 描述了包括微型射频（RF）微波腔谐振器的电子自旋共振（ESR）光谱仪。 微型RF微波谐振腔谐振器从环行器接收载波信号，调制信号路径信号，并将载波信号反馈回循环器，以在解调之前放大载波信号。 混频器接收和解调载波信号并输出音频信号以产生用于分析流体样品的化学成分的ESR频谱。 ESR光谱表示流体样品对磁共振的磁化率导致小型化RF微波腔谐振器的谐振频率的变化。 在期望的方面，载波信号在解调之前被分成两个路径。 两个路径由不同的混频器解调，以产生两个单独的输出，吸收光谱和色散谱。
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2.发明授权Method of and apparatus for in-situ measurement of soot by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry 有权通过电子自旋共振（ESR）光谱法原位测量烟灰的方法和设备公开(公告)号：US09546970B2
公开(公告)日：2017-01-17
申请号：US13532684
申请日：2012-06-25
摘要： An instrument and method using electron spin resonance spectrometry for measuring the concentration of airborne soot particles, and the like, that includes continuously passing a sample of exhaust gas through a resonating RF microwave cavity resonator during the application therethrough of a uniform slowly varying uniform magnetic field that is rapidly modulated and measuring the resulting phase modulation or amplitude modulation thereof to derive an electron spin resonance signal that directly senses the concentration of carbon free radicals produced as a result of inefficient combustion of hydrocarbons during operation of the vehicle or boiler. A further invention is the use of this signal for feedback control of the engine or boiler operating parameters to minimize or substantially eliminate particulate matter emissions.
摘要翻译： 使用电子自旋共振光谱法测量气载烟灰颗粒的浓度的仪器和方法等，其包括在通过其中通过谐振RF微波空腔共振器连续通过排气样品的均匀缓慢变化的均匀磁场 其被快速调制并测量所得到的相位调制或幅度调制，以导出电子自旋共振信号，其直接感测由于在车辆或锅炉的操作期间烃的低效燃烧而产生的碳自由基的浓度。 另一个发明是使用该信号来对发动机或锅炉操作参数进行反馈控制，以最小化或基本上消除颗粒物质的排放。
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3.发明申请METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF A SAMPLE BY ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE (ESR) SPECTROMETRY EMPLOYING CARRIER SUPPRESSION 失效用于通过电子自旋共振（ESR）分析样品的组成的方法和装置使用载体抑制公开(公告)号：US20110025328A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-03
申请号：US12906822
申请日：2010-10-18
IPC分类号： G01R33/00
CPC分类号： F01N11/00 , G01N24/08 , G01N24/10 , G01R33/345 , G01R33/60
摘要： Described is an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer comprising a miniaturized radio-frequency (RF) microwave cavity resonator. The miniaturized RF microwave cavity resonator receives a carrier signal from a circulator, modulates the signal path signal, and reflects the carrier signal back to the circulator to amplify the carrier signal prior to demodulation. A mixer receives and demodulates the carrier signal and outputs an audio signal to generate an ESR spectrum for analyzing a chemical composition of a fluid sample. The ESR spectrum represents a magnetic susceptibility of the fluid sample to a magnetic resonance cause variation in a resonant frequency of the miniaturized RF microwave cavity resonator. In a desired aspect, the carrier signal is split into two paths prior to demodulation. The two paths are demodulated by different mixers to produce two separate outputs, an absorption spectrum and a dispersion spectrum.
摘要翻译： 描述了包括微型射频（RF）微波腔谐振器的电子自旋共振（ESR）光谱仪。 微型RF微波谐振腔谐振器从环行器接收载波信号，调制信号路径信号，并将载波信号反馈回循环器，以在解调之前放大载波信号。 混频器接收和解调载波信号并输出音频信号以产生用于分析流体样品的化学成分的ESR频谱。 ESR光谱表示流体样品对磁共振的磁化率导致小型化RF微波腔谐振器的谐振频率的变化。 在期望的方面，载波信号在解调之前被分成两个路径。 两个路径由不同的混频器解调，以产生两个单独的输出，吸收光谱和色散谱。
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4.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20090230962A1
公开(公告)日：2009-09-17
申请号：US12387766
申请日：2009-05-06
IPC分类号： G01V3/14
摘要： An instrument and method using electron spin resonance spectrometry for measuring the concentration of airborne soot particles, and the like, that includes continuously passing a sample of exhaust gas through a resonating RF microwave cavity resonator during the application therethrough of a uniform slowly varying uniform magnetic field that is rapidly modulated and measuring the resulting phase modulation or amplitude modulation thereof to derive an electron spin resonance signal that directly senses the concentration of carbon free radicals produced as a result of inefficient combustion of hydrocarbons during operation of the vehicle or boiler. A further invention is the use of this signal for feedback control of the engine or boiler operating parameters to minimize or substantially eliminate particulate matter emissions.
摘要翻译： 使用电子自旋共振光谱法测量气载烟灰颗粒的浓度的仪器和方法等，其包括在通过其中通过谐振RF微波空腔共振器连续通过排气样品的均匀缓慢变化的均匀磁场 其被快速调制并测量所得到的相位调制或幅度调制，以导出电子自旋共振信号，其直接感测由于在车辆或锅炉的操作期间烃的低效燃烧而产生的碳自由基的浓度。 另一个发明是使用该信号来对发动机或锅炉操作参数进行反馈控制，以最小化或基本上消除颗粒物质的排放。
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5.发明申请METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR IN-SITU MEASUREMENT OF SOOT BY ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE (ESR) SPECTROMETRY 有权通过电子自旋共振（ESR）光谱法测量SOT的现场测量方法和装置公开(公告)号：US20120265426A1
公开(公告)日：2012-10-18
申请号：US13532684
申请日：2012-06-25
摘要： An instrument and method using electron spin resonance spectrometry for measuring the concentration of airborne soot particles, and the like, that includes continuously passing a sample of exhaust gas through a resonating RF microwave cavity resonator during the application therethrough of a uniform slowly varying uniform magnetic field that is rapidly modulated and measuring the resulting phase modulation or amplitude modulation thereof to derive an electron spin resonance signal that directly senses the concentration of carbon free radicals produced as a result of inefficient combustion of hydrocarbons during operation of the vehicle or boiler. A further invention is the use of this signal for feedback control of the engine or boiler operating parameters to minimize or substantially eliminate particulate matter emissions.
摘要翻译： 使用电子自旋共振光谱法测量气载烟灰颗粒的浓度的仪器和方法等，其包括在通过其中通过谐振RF微波空腔共振器连续通过排气样品的均匀缓慢变化的均匀磁场 其被快速调制并测量所得到的相位调制或幅度调制，以导出电子自旋共振信号，其直接感测由于在车辆或锅炉的操作期间烃的低效燃烧而产生的碳自由基的浓度。 另一个发明是使用该信号来对发动机或锅炉操作参数进行反馈控制，以最小化或基本上消除颗粒物质的排放。
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6.发明授权Method and apparatus for in-situ measurement of soot by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry 有权通过电子自旋共振（ESR）光谱法原位测量烟灰的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US08212563B2
公开(公告)日：2012-07-03
申请号：US12387766
申请日：2009-05-06
IPC分类号： G01V3/00
摘要： An instrument and method using electron spin resonance spectrometry for measuring the concentration of airborne soot particles, and the like, that includes continuously passing a sample of exhaust gas through a resonating RF microwave cavity resonator during the application therethrough of a uniform slowly varying uniform magnetic field that is rapidly modulated and measuring the resulting phase modulation or amplitude modulation thereof to derive an electron spin resonance signal that directly senses the concentration of carbon free radicals produced as a result of inefficient combustion of hydrocarbons during operation of the vehicle or boiler. A further invention is the use of this signal for feedback control of the engine or boiler operating parameters to minimize or substantially eliminate particulate matter emissions.
摘要翻译： 使用电子自旋共振光谱法测量气载烟灰颗粒的浓度的仪器和方法等，其包括在通过其中通过谐振RF微波空腔共振器连续通过排气样品的均匀缓慢变化的均匀磁场 其被快速调制并测量所得到的相位调制或幅度调制，以导出电子自旋共振信号，其直接感测由于在车辆或锅炉的操作期间烃的低效燃烧而产生的碳自由基的浓度。 另一个发明是使用该信号来对发动机或锅炉操作参数进行反馈控制，以最小化或基本上消除颗粒物质的排放。
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7.发明授权Device and method for adjusting dosage of fuel additive based on in-situ measurement of additive and containment concentration 有权基于现场测量添加剂和遏制浓度调整燃料添加剂用量的装置和方法公开(公告)号：US09103261B1
公开(公告)日：2015-08-11
申请号：US13094552
申请日：2011-04-26
申请人： James R. White , Colin T. Elliott
发明人： James R. White , Colin T. Elliott
CPC分类号： F01N11/00 , G01N24/08 , G01N24/10 , G01R33/345 , G01R33/60
摘要： A device and method for adjusting dosage of a fuel additive is described. The device includes a fuel reservoir and an additive reservoir. A variable-flow pump is used to pump the additive into contact with the fuel to create a combined fluid. An ESR sensor is positioned downstream from the pump and fuel reservoir such that a portion of the combined fluid passes through the ESR sensor, which measures the concentration of contaminants and fuel additive in the fuel. Based on the concentrations, a controller controls the rate at which the fuel additive is pumped, thereby adjusting the dosage of the fuel additive.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于调节燃料添加剂的用量的装置和方法。 该装置包括燃料储存器和添加剂储存器。 可变流量泵用于将添加剂泵送到与燃料接触以产生组合流体。 ESR传感器位于泵和燃料储存器的下游，使得一部分组合流体通过ESR传感器，ESR传感器测量燃料中污染物和燃料添加剂的浓度。 基于浓度，控制器控制燃料添加剂被泵送的速率，从而调节燃料添加剂的剂量。
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