公开(公告)号：US07042617B2

公开(公告)日：2006-05-09

申请号：US10405163

申请日：2003-04-02

Applicant: Tanya Z. Kosc ,  Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

Inventor： Tanya Z. Kosc ,  Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

IPC: G02F1/13

CPC classification number: G02F1/172

Abstract: Optical devices utilizing flakes (also called platelets) suspended in a host fluid have optical characteristics, such as reflective properties, which are angular dependent in response to an AC field. The reflectivity may be Bragg-like, and the characteristics are obtained through the use of flakes of liquid crystal material, such as polymer liquid crystal (PLC) materials including polymer cholesteric liquid crystal (PCLC) and polymer nematic liquid crystal (PNLC) material or birefringent polymers (BP). The host fluid may be propylene carbonate, poly(ethylene glycol) or other fluids or fluid mixtures having fluid conductivity to support conductivity in the flake/host system. AC field dependent rotation of 90° can be obtained at rates and field intensities dependent upon the frequency and magnitude of the AC field. The devices are useful in providing displays, polarizers, filters, spatial light modulators and wherever switchable polarizing, reflecting, and transmission properties are desired.

Abstract translation: 使用悬浮在宿主流体中的薄片（也称为血小板）的光学装置具有光学特性，例如反射性质，其响应于AC场具有角度依赖性。 反射率可以是布拉格样，并且通过使用诸如聚合物液晶（PLC）材料的液晶材料薄片获得特征，所述液晶材料包括聚合物胆甾型液晶（PCLC）和聚合物向列型液晶（PNLC）材料，或 双折射聚合物（BP）。 主体流体可以是碳酸丙烯酯，聚（乙二醇）或具有流体导电性的其它流体或流体混合物以支持薄片/主体系统中的导电性。 在取决于AC场的频率和幅度的速率和场强度下，可以获得90°的AC场相关旋转。 这些装置在提供显示器，偏振器，滤光器，空间光调制器以及需要可切换的偏振，反射和透射特性的地方是有用的。

公开(公告)号：US5486940A

公开(公告)日：1996-01-23

申请号：US447915

申请日：1995-05-23

Applicant: James L. Fergason ,  Arthur L. Berman ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

Inventor： James L. Fergason ,  Arthur L. Berman ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

IPC: G02B5/30 ,  G02F1/1333 ,  G02F1/13

CPC classification number: G02F1/1333 ,  G02B5/3016 ,  G02F2203/023

Abstract: A polarizer including liquid crystal material and a surface or surfaces for cooperating with the liquid crystal material to control polarization of light which is incident in a direction normal to the polarizer by at least one of refraction and total internal reflection of one polarization component of the light while transmitting the other polarization component substantially in the direction without refraction or total internal reflection, the surface or surfaces including plural grooves in cooperative relationship with the liquid crystal material.

Abstract translation: 一种偏振器，包括液晶材料和用于与液晶材料配合的表面或表面，以通过光的一个偏振分量的折射和全内反射中的至少一个来控​​制入射在垂直于偏振器的方向的光的偏振 同时在没有折射或全内反射的方向上基本上传输另一个偏振分量，包括与液晶材料协调关系的多个凹槽的表面或表面。

公开(公告)号：US08808568B2

公开(公告)日：2014-08-19

申请号：US12575770

申请日：2009-10-08

Applicant: Rui Shen ,  Hong Yang ,  Shai N. Shafrir ,  Chunlin Miao ,  Mimi Wang ,  Joni Mici ,  John C. Lambropoulos ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

Inventor： Rui Shen ,  Hong Yang ,  Shai N. Shafrir ,  Chunlin Miao ,  Mimi Wang ,  Joni Mici ,  John C. Lambropoulos ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

IPC: C04B35/26 ,  C04B35/64

CPC classification number: H01F1/442 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C01G51/006 ,  C01G51/04 ,  C01G53/006 ,  C01G53/04 ,  C01P2002/88 ,  C01P2004/03 ,  C01P2004/32 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2004/84 ,  C01P2006/10 ,  C01P2006/42 ,  C01P2006/82 ,  H01F1/445

Abstract: A magnetorheological material comprises a magnetic particle and a ceramic material, wherein the magnetorheological material is in a dried form and further wherein a portion of the ceramic material is in the form of a nanocrystalline coating over the entire exterior surface of the magnetic particle and another portion of the ceramic material is in the form of a free nanocrystal. A magnetorheological material comprises a magnetic particle having a ceramic material coating over an external surface thereof as a result of a coating process, and a free nanocrystal of the ceramic material in the form of a residual by-product of the coating process. A sol-gel process for making a magnetorheological product comprises providing a sol of a desired ceramic coating material; combining a desired quantity of carbonyl iron (CI) particles with the sol to coat the CI particles with the ceramic coating material; creating a resulting quantity of nanocrystalline ceramic material-coated CI particles and a quantity of free nanocrystals of the ceramic material; and, drying the resulting quantity of coated CI particles and free nanocrystals to a moisture content equal to or less than 2 wt %.

Abstract translation: 磁流变材料包括磁性颗粒和陶瓷材料，其中所述磁流变材料是干燥形式，并且其中所述陶瓷材料的一部分是在所述磁性颗粒的整个外表面上的纳米晶体涂层的形式，而另一部分 的陶瓷材料是自由纳米晶体的形式。 磁流变材料包括由涂覆工艺在其外表面上涂覆有陶瓷材料的磁性颗粒和陶瓷材料的自由纳米晶体，其形式为涂覆工艺的残留副产物。 用于制造磁流变产品的溶胶 - 凝胶法包括提供所需陶瓷涂层材料的溶胶; 将所需量的羰基铁（CI）颗粒与溶胶组合以用陶瓷涂层材料涂覆CI颗粒; 产生一定量的纳米晶体陶瓷材料涂覆的CI颗粒和一定量的陶瓷材料的游离纳米晶体; 并将所得量的涂覆的CI颗粒和游离纳米晶体干燥至等于或小于2重量％的含水量。

公开(公告)号：US20120019738A1

公开(公告)日：2012-01-26

申请号：US12840474

申请日：2010-07-21

Applicant: Gerald P. Cox ,  Cathy A. Fromen ,  Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

Inventor： Gerald P. Cox ,  Cathy A. Fromen ,  Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

IPC: G02F1/133 ,  C09K19/02 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  C09K19/54

CPC classification number: C09K19/38 ,  C09K19/542 ,  G02F1/172

Abstract: A PCLC flake/fluid host suspension that enables dual-frequency, reverse drive reorientation and relaxation of the PCLC flakes is composed of a fluid host that is a mixture of: 94 to 99.5 wt % of a non-aqueous fluid medium having a dielectric constant value ∈, where 1 σ>10−7 Siemens per meter (S/m), and a resistivity r, where 107>r>1010 ohm-meters (Ω-m), and which is optically transparent in a selected wavelength range Δλ; 0.0025 to 0.25 wt % of an inorganic chloride salt; 0.0475 to 4.75 wt % water; and 0.25 to 2 wt % of an anionic surfactant; and 1 to 5 wt % of PCLC flakes suspended in the fluid host mixture. Various encapsulation forms and methods are disclosed including a Basic test cell, a Microwell, a Microcube, Direct encapsulation (I), Direct encapsulation (II), and Coacervation encapsulation. Applications to display devices are disclosed.

Abstract translation: 能够实现PCLC薄片的双频，反向驱动重新取向和松弛的PCLC薄片/流体主体悬浮液由流体主体组成，流体主体是以下的混合物：94至99.5重量％的具有介电常数的非水液体介质 值∈，其中1 <∈<7，电导率值＆sgr，其中10-9>＆sgr> 10-7西门子每米（S / m）和电阻率r，其中107> r> 1010欧姆米 （＆OHgr; -m），并且其在所选波长范围＆Dgr;λ中是光学透明的; 0.0025〜0.25重量％的无机氯化物盐; 0.0475至4.75重量％的水; 和0.25〜2重量％的阴离子表面活性剂; 和1至5wt％悬浮在流体宿主混合物中的PCLC薄片。 公开了各种封装形式和方法，包括Basic测试单元，Microwell，Microcube，Direct封装（I），Direct封装（II）和Coacervation封装。 公开了显示设备的应用。

公开(公告)号：US20100171065A1

公开(公告)日：2010-07-08

申请号：US12575770

申请日：2009-10-08

Applicant: Rui Shen ,  Hong Yang ,  Shai N. Shafrir ,  Chunlin Miao ,  Mimi Wang ,  Joni Mici ,  John C. Lambropoulos ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

Inventor： Rui Shen ,  Hong Yang ,  Shai N. Shafrir ,  Chunlin Miao ,  Mimi Wang ,  Joni Mici ,  John C. Lambropoulos ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

IPC: H01F1/11 ,  H01F1/00 ,  B05D5/12

CPC classification number: H01F1/442 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C01G51/006 ,  C01G51/04 ,  C01G53/006 ,  C01G53/04 ,  C01P2002/88 ,  C01P2004/03 ,  C01P2004/32 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2004/84 ,  C01P2006/10 ,  C01P2006/42 ,  C01P2006/82 ,  H01F1/445

Abstract: A magnetorheological material comprises a magnetic particle and a ceramic material, wherein the magnetorheological material is in a dried form and further wherein a portion of the ceramic material is in the form of a nanocrystalline coating over the entire exterior surface of the magnetic particle and another portion of the ceramic material is in the form of a free nanocrystal. A magnetorheological material comprises a magnetic particle having a ceramic material coating over an external surface thereof as a result of a coating process, and a free nanocrystal of the ceramic material in the form of a residual by-product of the coating process. A sol-gel process for making a magnetorheological product comprises providing a sol of a desired ceramic coating material; combining a desired quantity of carbonyl iron (CI) particles with the sol to coat the CI particles with the ceramic coating material; creating a resulting quantity of nanocrystalline ceramic material-coated CI particles and a quantity of free nanocrystals of the ceramic material; and, drying the resulting quantity of coated CI particles and free nanocrystals to a moisture content equal to or less than 2 wt %.

Abstract translation: 磁流变材料包括磁性颗粒和陶瓷材料，其中所述磁流变材料为干燥形式，并且其中所述陶瓷材料的一部分为所述磁性颗粒的整个外表面上的纳米晶体涂层的形式，并且所述另一部分 的陶瓷材料是自由纳米晶体的形式。 磁流变材料包括由涂覆工艺在其外表面上涂覆有陶瓷材料的磁性颗粒和陶瓷材料的自由纳米晶体，其形式为涂覆工艺的残留副产物。 用于制造磁流变产品的溶胶 - 凝胶法包括提供所需陶瓷涂层材料的溶胶; 将所需量的羰基铁（CI）颗粒与溶胶组合以用陶瓷涂层材料涂覆CI颗粒; 产生一定量的纳米晶体陶瓷材料涂覆的CI颗粒和一定量的陶瓷材料的游离纳米晶体; 并将所得量的涂覆的CI颗粒和游离纳米晶体干燥至等于或小于2重量％的含水量。

公开(公告)号：US07713436B1

公开(公告)日：2010-05-11

申请号：US11230059

申请日：2005-09-19

Applicant: Anka Trajkovska-Petkoska ,  Stephen D. Jacobs ,  Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Tanya Z. Kosc

Inventor： Anka Trajkovska-Petkoska ,  Stephen D. Jacobs ,  Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Tanya Z. Kosc

IPC: C09K19/02 ,  C09K19/52 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  G02F1/17 ,  G02F1/19

CPC classification number: C09K19/52 ,  C09K19/38 ,  C09K19/60 ,  G02F1/172 ,  G02F1/19 ,  G02F2202/06 ,  G02F2203/34 ,  Y10T428/10

Abstract: Doped electrically actuatable (electrically addressable or switchable) polymer flakes have enhanced and controllable electric field induced motion by virtue of doping a polymer material that functions as the base flake matrix with either a distribution of insoluble dopant particles or a dopant material that is completely soluble in the base flake matrix. The base flake matrix may be a polymer liquid crystal material, and the dopants generally have higher dielectric permittivity and/or conductivity than the electrically actuatable polymer base flake matrix. The dopant distribution within the base flake matrix may be either homogeneous or non-homogeneous. In the latter case, the non-homogeneous distribution of dopant provides a dielectric permittivity and/or conductivity gradient within the body of the flakes. The dopant can also be a carbon-containing material (either soluble or insoluble in the base flake matrix) that absorbs light so as to reduce the unpolarized scattered light component reflected from the flakes, thereby enhancing the effective intensity of circularly polarized light reflected from the flakes when the flakes are oriented into a light reflecting state. Electro-optic devices contain these doped flakes suspended in a host fluid can be addressed with an applied electric field, thus controlling the orientation of the flakes between a bright reflecting state and a non-reflecting dark state.

Abstract translation: 掺杂的电致动（电寻址或可切换）聚合物薄片通过掺杂用作基础薄片基质的聚合物材料而具有增强和可控的电场诱导运动，其具有不溶性掺杂剂颗粒的分布或完全溶于 基片薄片。 碱性片状基质可以是聚合物液晶材料，并且掺杂剂通常具有比可电致动的聚合物基片状基质更高的介电常数和/或导电性。 基片状基质中的掺杂剂分布可以是均匀的或非均匀的。 在后一种情况下，掺杂剂的非均匀分布在薄片体内提供介电常数和/或电导率梯度。 掺杂剂也可以是吸收光的含碳材料（可溶或不溶于基片），以减少从薄片反射的非偏振散射光成分，从而提高从薄膜反射的圆偏振光的有效强度 当片状物定向成反光状态时，呈片状。 包含悬浮在宿主液体中的这些掺杂的薄片的电光器件可以利用施加的电场来寻址，从而控制薄片在明亮反射状态和非反射暗态之间的取向。

公开(公告)号：US08293135B2

公开(公告)日：2012-10-23

申请号：US12840474

申请日：2010-07-21

Applicant: Gerald P. Cox ,  Cathy A. Fromen ,  Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

Inventor： Gerald P. Cox ,  Cathy A. Fromen ,  Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Stephen D. Jacobs

IPC: C09K19/02 ,  C09K19/54 ,  G02F1/133 ,  G02F1/1334

CPC classification number: C09K19/38 ,  C09K19/542 ,  G02F1/172

Abstract: A PCLC flake/fluid host suspension that enables dual-frequency, reverse drive reorientation and relaxation of the PCLC flakes is composed of a fluid host that is a mixture of: 94 to 99.5 wt % of a non-aqueous fluid medium having a dielectric constant value ∈, where 1 σ>10−7 Siemens per meter (S/m), and a resistivity r, where 107>r>1010 ohm-meters (Ω-m), and which is optically transparent in a selected wavelength range Δλ; 0.0025 to 0.25 wt % of an inorganic chloride salt; 0.0475 to 4.75 wt % water; and 0.25 to 2 wt % of an anionic surfactant; and 1 to 5 wt % of PCLC flakes suspended in the fluid host mixture. Various encapsulation forms and methods are disclosed including a Basic test cell, a Microwell, a Microcube, Direct encapsulation (I), Direct encapsulation (II), and Coacervation encapsulation. Applications to display devices are disclosed.

Abstract translation: 能够实现PCLC薄片的双频，反向驱动重新取向和松弛的PCLC薄片/流体主体悬浮液由流体主体组成，流体主体是以下的混合物：94至99.5重量％的具有介电常数的非水液体介质 值∈，其中1 <∈<7，电导率值＆sgr，其中10-9>＆sgr> 10-7西门子每米（S / m）和电阻率r，其中107> r> 1010欧姆米 （＆OHgr; -m），并且其在所选波长范围＆Dgr;λ中是光学透明的; 0.0025〜0.25重量％的无机氯化物盐; 0.0475至4.75重量％的水; 和0.25〜2重量％的阴离子表面活性剂; 和1至5wt％悬浮在流体宿主混合物中的PCLC薄片。 公开了各种封装形式和方法，包括Basic测试单元，Microwell，Microcube，Direct封装（I），Direct封装（II）和Coacervation封装。 公开了显示设备的应用。

公开(公告)号：US07238316B2

公开(公告)日：2007-07-03

申请号：US10383603

申请日：2003-03-07

Applicant: Anka Trajkovska-Petkoska ,  Stephen D. Jacobs ,  Tanya Z. Kosc ,  Kenneth L. Marshall

Inventor： Anka Trajkovska-Petkoska ,  Stephen D. Jacobs ,  Tanya Z. Kosc ,  Kenneth L. Marshall

IPC: B28B7/32

CPC classification number: B29C33/405 ,  B29K2105/0079 ,  B29L2011/00 ,  B29L2031/756

Abstract: Precisely configured, especially of geometric shape, flakes of liquid crystal material are made using a mechanically flexible polymer mold with wells having shapes which are precisely configured by making the mold with a photolithographically manufactured or laser printed master. The polymer liquid crystal is poured into the wells in the flexible mold. When the liquid crystal material has solidified, the flexible mold is bent and the flakes are released and collected for use in making an electrooptical cell utilizing the liquid crystal flakes as the active element therein.

Abstract translation: 精确地构造，特别是几何形状的液晶材料的片状物是用机械柔性的聚合物模具制成的，其孔具有通过用光刻制造或激光打印母版制造模具而精确配置的形状。 将聚合物液晶倒入柔性模具中的孔中。 当液晶材料固化时，柔性模具被弯曲，并且片状物被释放和收集用于制造利用液晶薄片作为活性元件的电光电池。

公开(公告)号：US06665042B1

公开(公告)日：2003-12-16

申请号：US09571805

申请日：2000-05-16

Applicant: Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Tanya Z. Kosc ,  Stephen D. Jacobs ,  Sadeg M. Faris ,  Le Li

Inventor： Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Tanya Z. Kosc ,  Stephen D. Jacobs ,  Sadeg M. Faris ,  Le Li

IPC: C09K1952

CPC classification number: G02F1/172 ,  G02F1/137

Abstract: Flakes or platelets of polymer liquid crystals (PLC) or other birefringent polymers (BP) suspended in a fluid host medium constitute a system that can function as the active element in an electrically switchable optical device when the suspension is either contained between a pair of rigid substrates bearing transparent conductive coatings or dispersed as microcapsules within the body of a flexible host polymer. Optical properties of these flake materials include large effective optical path length, different polarization states and high angular sensitivity in their selective reflection or birefringence. The flakes or platelets of these devices need only a 3-20° rotation about the normal to the cell surface to achieve switching characteristics obtainable with prior devices using particle rotation or translation.

Abstract translation: 悬浮在流体宿主介质中的聚合物液晶（PLC）或其它双折射聚合物（BP）的片状物或血小板构成了当悬浮液被包含在一对刚性体之间时可以用作电气可切换光学装置中的有源元件的系统 带有透明导电涂层的基底或作为微胶囊分散在柔性主体聚合物体内。 这些薄片材料的光学特性在其选择反射或双折射中包括大的有效光程长度，不同的偏振状态和高的角灵敏度。 这些装置的薄片或血小板仅围绕细胞表面的法线仅需3-20°的旋转，以实现使用粒子旋转或平移的现有装置可获得的切换特性。

公开(公告)号：US5054888A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-08

申请号：US42185

申请日：1987-04-24

Applicant: Stephen D. Jacobs ,  Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Kathleen A. Cerqua

Inventor： Stephen D. Jacobs ,  Kenneth L. Marshall ,  Kathleen A. Cerqua

IPC: C09K19/38 ,  G02B5/30 ,  G02F1/00 ,  G02F1/1333 ,  G02F1/1335

CPC classification number: G02F1/133365 ,  C09K19/38 ,  G02B5/3016 ,  G02F1/0063 ,  G02F1/133528

Abstract: Composite optical devices using polymer liquid crystal materials both as optical and adhesive elements. The devices are made by assembling a heated polymer liquid crystal compound, while in a low viscosity form between optically transparent substrates. The molecules of the polymer are oriented, while in the liquid crystalline state and while above the glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) of the polymer, to provide the desired optical effects, such as polarization, and selective reflection. The liquid crystal polymer cements the substrates together to form an assembly providing the composite optical device.

Abstract translation: 使用聚合物液晶材料作为光学和粘合元件的复合光学器件。 这些装置通过组装加热的聚合物液晶化合物制成，而在光学透明基板之间以低粘度形式。 聚合物的分子在液晶状态下并且高于聚合物的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）时取向，以提供期望的光学效果，例如极化和选择性反射。 液晶聚合物将基底粘合在一起以形成提供复合光学器件的组件。