A lighting device (11, 12, 13, 14) comprising a light source (101, 102, 103, 104) emitting light, and at least one optical element (30, 301, 302, 303, 304) arranged in front of said light source, said at least one optical element comprising an at least partially transparent material such as to allow at least part of the light emitted by the light source to be transmitted therethrough, wherein said at least one optical element comprises a plurality of through openings (20, 201, 211, 202, 212, 203, 213, 204, 214) adapted for collimating said light emitted by said light source such as to cause light exiting said at least one optical element to comprise a brightness varying with the direction in which said light exits said at least one optical element.