An optical modulator includes a modulating unit, an optical fiber, and a combining unit. The modulating unit outputs first and second optical beams with the electric signal superimposed thereon in a first direction. The optical fiber is placed along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The combining unit combines the first and second optical beams output by the modulating unit and outputs an optical beam obtained by the first and second optical beams being combined to the optical fiber. The combining unit includes a polarized light rotating element and a polarized light combining element. The polarized light rotating element rotates the polarization direction of the first optical beam. The polarized light combining element reflects the first optical beam of which the polarization direction has been rotated and the second optical beam in the second direction, and combines the first and second optical beams reflected in the second direction.