The present invention provides a method and a device for calculating a coefficient of a time-domain channel estimation filter. The method comprises: acquiring position information and weight information of symbols carrying RS information corresponding to X1, X2 . . . XP; acquiring position information and weight information of symbols carrying RS information relating to Y1, Y2, . . . YQ; calculating an autocorrelation matrix of a vector I in accordance with the position information and the weight information, wherein I=[X1, X2, . . . XP, Y1, Y2, . . . YQ]; calculating a crosscorrelation matrix of a vector O and the vector I in accordance with the position information and the weight information, wherein O=[Y0], and Y0 is a time-domain channel ideal value of the symbol on which the channel estimation is currently performed; and calculating an inverse matrix product of the crosscorrelation matrix and the autocorrelation matrix, thereby obtaining a coefficient vector corresponding to the symbol on which the channel estimation is currently performed. According to the present invention, it is able to calculate an optimal filter coefficient.