A process controlling the use of a document reserved to the titleholder along or to the authorized bearer, and is characterized by consisting prior to the activation of the document in integrating into a predetermined zone of the document a predetermined and random coded transcription of a set of letters and/or digits constituting a secret "word" known only to the titleholder, the coded data being spread across a matrix of n rows and p columns, in comparing at the time the document is used the coded data with a "word" issued by the document bearer following the transcription in the same code, and in determining and displaying whether in there is coincidence or not.The process applies in particular to checks or the like. The invention also relates to the documents and the coding and reading means designed or developed to implement this process.