Provided is a chip-level positioning method for orthopedic surgery navigation based on an Ultra-wide Bandwidth (UWB). A UWB chip-level wireless positioning module is installed on a surgical instrument. The biggest advantage of the UWB wireless positioning module is that the UWB wireless positioning module has a wide bandwidth, so it has good anti-interference ability. In a positioning and tracking stage, only a base station and modules need to communicate to acquire spatial position of the surgical instruments relative to patients. The wireless positioning technology based on the UWB is very mature at this stage, and there are diverse intraoperative visualization means, and surgical status can be monitored through devices such as mobile phones and tablets. Compared with an existing optical positioning system, the present disclosure has the advantages of good robustness, high cost performance, strong real-time performance and the like.