Multiple groups of nuclear fuel storage containers can be put into the nuclear fuel transport container provided by the present application as a whole to realize the overall transportation of the multiple groups of storage containers; the transport container has a cubic structure in appearance, which can fully utilize the transportation space and improve the transportation efficiency; an outer side of the transport container is provided with an anti-penetration structure, which can effectively alleviate the collision and penetration damage caused by transportation and hoisting accident, and ensure that the nuclear fuel element can be safely enclosed after the accident; heat insulation material is provided between inner and outer steel plates of the transport container, which can effectively protect the internal storage container and the loaded nuclear fuel element under fire condition, and the heat insulation material also has a function of drop buffer.