A polyurethane dispersion is an aqueous dispersion of a polyurethane resin. The polyurethane resin is a reaction product of an isocyanate group-terminated prepolymer and a chain extender. The isocyanate group-terminated prepolymer includes a reaction product of a polyisocyanate component containing a xylylene diisocyanate, and an active hydrogen group-containing component containing a short-chain diol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and an active hydrogen group-containing compound containing a hydrophilic group. The chain extender includes an ethylenediamine. A ratio of the ethylenediamine is 25 mol % or more with respect to the total amount of the chain extender.