The present disclosure relates to a graphite negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof and a lithium ion battery, wherein the graphite negative electrode material includes spherical graphite and a carbon coating layer, the carbon coating layer includes an M element-containing modifying group, where M is at least one selected from the group consisting of B, N, and P. The preparation method of a graphite negative electrode material includes performing a thermal polymerization treatment on a mixture containing spherical graphite, a coating agent, and a modifying additive, to obtain a precursor, wherein modifying additive includes an element M-containing compound, and M is at least one selected from the group consisting of B, N, and P; and performing a carbonization treatment on the precursor under a protective atmosphere, to obtain the graphite negative electrode material.