Disclosed are a thread construction method and device. The method includes: a workload is divided into a plurality of work groups; for any work group, a pattern type that matches a size of the any work group is selected, a target thread construction pattern is determined from a plurality of candidate thread construction patterns corresponding to the pattern type; a plurality of threads are constructed according to the target thread construction pattern; the threads are composed of a plurality of consecutive work items in the any work group; the work item index corresponding to at least one key work item in the work item sequence of each thread is cached and the work item index of each thread is obtained, which is configured to schedule the any work item corresponding to the thread to the processing unit.