Disclosed is a transmitter which includes an encoder and a transmission interface circuit. The encoder receives data bits and generates conversion bits, a number of is the conversion bits being more than a number of the data bits, based on the number of the data bits. The encoder detects a risk pattern of the conversion bits to generate detection data and converts the risk pattern into a replacement pattern based on the detection data to generate code bits, a number of is the code bits being equal to the number of the conversion bits.