The present disclosure generally provides 11-oxo-cucurbitane compounds, including various glycosides, and the use of such compounds and related compounds as flavor modifiers. In some aspects, the disclosure provides compositions that include such 11-oxo-cucurbitanes, such as compositions that include such 11-oxo-cucurbitanes and one or more additional compounds, such as a sweetener, salt, and the like. In some other aspects, the disclosure provides methods of reducing or eliminating the amount of sweetener, salt, or glutamate in a food or beverage product.