The present disclosure relates to electromagnetic shielding paper based on modification of a conductive MOF material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic shielding. The method includes the following steps: putting polyimide fibers into a precursor solution of the conductive MOF material, and reacting to obtain MOF material modified PI fibers; mixing the modified fibers with aramid pulp, and carrying out papermaking, squeezing and drying to obtain a paper-based precursor; generating a conductive polymer (polypyrrole) in situ by using a gas-phase polymerization method, and finally obtaining the electromagnetic shielding paper based on the modification of the conductive MOF material. The electromagnetic shielding paper prepared by the present disclosure not only has good conductivity and electromagnetic shielding performance, but also has good mechanical properties and thermal stability.