An aqueous dispersion including a polymer having a 2-oxazoline group; and a surfactant, the surfactant containing a sulfuric acid ester compound represented by the following Chemical Formula (S): R1—O—(R2O)nSO3X  (S) wherein R1 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms; R2 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; n represents 2 to 15; and X represents a monovalent cation.