Sanitary barrier systems and methods for preventing transmission of biological substances and protecting human health are provided. A retractable barrier system may include a first supporting member and a barrier film. The first supporting member may comprise a first attachment element configured to position the barrier system vertically in use. The barrier film may have a fixed edge and a free edge, wherein the fixed edge is connected to the first supporting member. The barrier film is extendible to a desired length in a use configuration and retractable back on the first supporting member in a storage configuration. The barrier system may include a retracting mechanism such as a crank or a spring-loaded roller. The barrier film may comprise a sanitary portion. The barrier system may be combined with stanchions or queue barriers to protect individuals waiting in lines. The barrier system may also be used to provide barrier inside a multi-person vehicle.