The present disclosure describes systems, non-transitory computer-readable media, and methods for utilizing hash partitions to determine local densities and distances among users (or among other represented data points) for clustering sparse data into segments. For instance, the disclosed systems can generate hash signatures for users in a sparse dataset and can map users to hash partitions based on the hash signatures. The disclosed systems can further determine local densities and separation distances for particular users (or other represented data points) within the hash partitions. Upon determining local densities and separation distances for datapoints from the dataset, the disclosed systems can select a segment (or cluster of data points) grouped according to a hierarchy of a clustering algorithm, such as a density-peaks-clustering algorithm.