An electrostatic capacitance detection device includes a first electrode, and a second electrode at least a part of which is opposed to the first electrode across a transport path extending in a transport direction in which a detection target having a sheet shape is transported. The first electrode and the second electrode extend in a cross direction intersecting the transport direction and have mutually different shapes. Alternatively, the electrostatic capacitance detection device further includes a first floating electrode disposed on the side of the first electrode opposite to the transport path, and a second floating electrode disposed on the side of the second electrode opposite to the transport path. Alternatively, at least one of the first electrode or the second electrode is provided with a first electric field adjuster or a second electric field adjuster.