The present invention relates to a poly(arylene ether) resin composition and a cable coated with the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a poly(arylene ether) resin composition, including 20 to 40% by weight of a poly(arylene ether) resin, 15 to 35% by weight of a low-molecular weight styrene-based block copolymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 90,000 g/mol or less, 10 to 30% by weight of a high-molecular weight styrene-based block copolymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 95,000 g/mol or more, 1 to 20% by weight of a flame retardant, and 0 to 20% by weight of an additive.In accordance with the present invention, a poly(arylene ether) resin composition having superior flame retardancy, tensile strength, flexibility, extrusion processability, elongation, and appearance characteristics and a cable coated with the same are provided.