An electronic device may comprise: an antenna module; a communication circuit; a processor; and a memory, wherein the memory stores instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to: output first beams each having a first beam width to a first spatial range around the electronic device; receive a first reflective pattern with respect to the first beams; determine at least one section in which the external object is disposed, among a plurality of sections configuring the first spatial range; output second beams each having a second beam width to the at least one section; receive a second reflective pattern with respect to the second beams; recognize the external object on the basis of the second reflective pattern of the second beams to authenticate a user; and output third beams to determine state information or motion information of the external object.