Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a line laser module and an autonomous mobile device. The line laser module includes a fixed base, and a camera and a line laser emitter arranged on the fixed base. The line laser emitter is provided at one or more sides of the camera, and configured to emit a laser with a linear projection. The camera is configured to operate in conjunction with the line laser emitter, and to capture an environmental image. An infrared filter is arranged in front of the camera, and configured to allow only infrared light to enter the camera. The autonomous mobile device includes an infrared flashlight. The camera is configured to capture, at different time points, a first environmental image for distance measurement and a second environmental image for object identification.