The disclosure relates to a pre-5th-generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates beyond 4th-generation (4G) communication system, such as long term evolution (LTE). An apparatus and a method for performing effective signal processing on a sidelink feedback channel in a wireless communication system is provided. A method of operating a UE in a wireless communication system includes acquiring at least one of a source ID, a destination ID, or a cell ID, generating Sidelink Feedback Control Information (SFCI) to be transmitted through a sidelink feedback channel (Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH)), performing channel encoding and scrambling on the SFCI using at least one of the source ID, the destination ID, or the cell ID, and transmitting the SFCI through the PSFCH.